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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Drugs causing neurologic seizures (7)
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1. Acyclovir (high dose)
2. Amantadine 3. Imipenem 4. Meropenem 5. Metronidazole 6. Quinolones (ofloxacin) 7. High dose beta-lactams |
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Drugs causing hearing loss (3)
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1. Aminoglycosides
2. Vancomycin 3. Erythromycin |
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Drugs causing renal toxicity (6)
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1. Aminoglycosides
2. Amphotericin B 3. Vancomycin 4. Methicillin (interstitial nephritis) 5. TMP-SMX (rare) 6. Acyclovir (in dehydrated) |
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Drugs causing most frequent GI toxicities (4)
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1. Erythromycin (worst)
2. Clindamycin (most common for C diff colitis) 3. Ampicillin 4. Amox-Clav |
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Drugs causing hepatic toxicity (9)
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[TB drugs]
1. Isoniazid 2. Rifampin 3. Pyrazinamide 4. Erythromycin 5. Tetracycine 6. Clindamycin [Fungal drugs] 7. Ketaconazole 8. Itraconazole 9. HIV drugs |
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Drugs causing hematologic toxicities (8)
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1. Chloramphenicol (dose-dept anemia, aplastic anemia)
2. Nafcillin 3. Sulfa drugs 4. Amphotericin B 5. Ganciclovir 6. Vancomycin 7. AZT 8. Cephalosporins (hypoprothrombinemia) |
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Drugs causing eye problems (2)
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1. Isoniazid (optic neuritis)
2. Ethambutol (optic neuritis, green/red perception loss) |
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Allergic reactions caused by drugs
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Most common in cephalosporins and penicillins (3-5%)
Anaphylactic type I reaction (0.015-0.04%) Type III/serum sickness (cephalosporins, ampicillin) Sulfa: exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson's |
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Drugs causing Infusion-related drug side effects (6)
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Phlebitis/vein inflammation
1. Amphotericin B (fever/chill, N/V, hypotension) 2. Nafcillin 3. Vancomycin (red-man syndrome) 4. Erythromycin 5. Doxycycline 6. Pendamidine (hypotension, syncope, dizzy, N/V, hypoglycemia) |
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Idiosyncratic/Disulfiram-like reactions
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Tachycardia, Nausea/ Vomiting, facial flushing within 30 minutes of drinking alcohol
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Drugs causing idiosyncratic/disulfiram-like reactions (3)
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1. Metronidazole
2. Ketoconazole 3. Cephalosporins |
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Drugs causing mucosal changes
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Penicillin
- tongue because black, hairy, painful. |
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Drugs causing flu-like illnesses (1)
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Rifampin (fever, chills, myalgia)
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Drugs synergistically causing nephrotoxicity (2)
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1. Aminoglycosides + vancomycin
2. Amphotericin B + aminoglycosides/vancomycin |
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Drugs synergistically causing ototoxicity (1)
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Aminoglycosides + Vancomycin
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Drug increasing warfarin levels
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Sulfa drugs increase warfarin levels, leading to increased anti-coagulation
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Drug decreasing oral contraceptive levels
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Tetracyclines decrease levels of oral contraceptives
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Changes in drug metabolism due to rifampin use (2)
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Increased hepatic metabolism of digitalis
Decreased phenytoin |
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Changes in drug metabolism due to ketoconazole (1)
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Increase metabolism of theophylline
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Changes in drug metabolism due to ciprofloxacin
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Decreased clearance of theophylline resulting in toxicity
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Changes in drug metabolism caused by ketoconazole and other imidazoles
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Increase cyclosporine levels
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Changes in drug metabolism caused by erythromycin
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Theophylline levels are increased
Increase astemizole, terfenidine and cisapride levels |
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Drug interactions causing ventricular arrythmias
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Azole antifungals and erythromycin use lead to increased astemizole, terfenidine and cisapride levels.
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Drug-drug interactions of diflucan
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Decrease phenytoin metabolism, increasing its blood levels
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Drugs that are chelated and interfered by multivalent cations (iron, antacids) (2)
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1. Tetracycline
2. Fluoroquinolones |
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Use of probenicid
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Increases serum concentration of beta-lactams by inhibiting renal excretion of them.
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Function of cilastatin use
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Blocks renal excretion of imipenem
1. Increase levels of imipenem 2. Decrease amount of nephrotoxic metabolites |