Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal?
|
Bacteriostatic- stops from growing but does not kill
Bactericidal- kills bacteria |
|
|
What is the difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant?
|
Antiseptic- subs too toxic for use inside body (may need to be used topically)
Disinfectant- subs used to inhibit microbial organisms on inanimate objects |
|
|
What are the basic target sites for the action of antibacterial agents?
|
Cell wall synthesis
DNA replication RNA synthesis Protein synthesis x2 Antimetabolites |
|
|
What is the difference between the MIC and the MBC for an antimicrobial agent?
|
MIC- min inhibitory conc (cells are static but not dead)
MBC- min bactericidal conc (cells are dead) |
|
|
List any 5 categories of antibacterial agents and an example of each
|
1. B-lactans (penicillin)
2. Rifamycins (rifampin) 3. Aminoglycosides (tobramycin) 4. Tetracyclines (tetracycline) 5. Polypeptides (colistin) |
|
|
Name 3 acquired mechanisms of antibiotic resistance used by bacteria
|
1. Inactivation of drug
2. Alteration of target molecule/ protein/enzyme/bacterial component 3. Drug actively pumped out of bacterial cell |
|
|
What does MINDME stand for?
|
M icrobiology guides therapy wherever possible
I ndications should be evidence based N arrowest spectrum required D osage appropriate to site and type of infection M inimise duration of therapy E nsure monotherapy in most cases |
|
|
What is the difference between antagonism and synergism?
|
Antagonism= two antibiotics prescribed cancel each other out
Synergism= double the effect |
|
|
Why should nitrofurans not be prescribed with quinolones?
|
Antagonistic
|
|
|
Why are some bacterial agents suitable for oral ingestion and others are not?
|
inactivated by gastric acids
Not well absorbed |
|
|
Why don't sulphonamides, trimethoprim or their combo, affect humans but do affect bacteria
|
Inhibit the steps in synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid, by interacting with key enzymes in the pathway
|
|
|
Antimicrobial resistant can be divided into two categories. What are they and what are their differences?
|
1. Intrinsic resistance
-natural -normal genetic and structure of microorganism 2. Acquired resistance -genetic mutation -genetic change> altered cellular physiology and structure |
|
|
List 5 ideal qualities for an antimicrobial agent and explain each?
|
1. No side effects- nausea, vomiting
2. Rapid uptake- ^ speed of uptake 3. Broad spectrum- useful for a range of organisms 4. Slow clearance time- remains in body for long time 5. Non toxic to eukaryotic cells- selective toxicity for bacteria |
