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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What types of drugs are used to treat anxiety?
Benzodiazepines, Other Antianxiety Agents, & Sedative/Hypnotics (Anxiolytics or Minor Tranquilizers)
What is the objective of drug therapy?
Purpose: decrease anxiety
Action of Benzodiazepines
potentiates action of GABA & CNS depressant
What is the administration route of Benzodiazepines?
po, IM, IV
What is the frequency of administration?
routine or PRN
Side effects of Benzodiazepines?
1. drowsiness 2.urinary retention
3. weight gain 4.blurred vision
5. orthostatic hypotension 6.constipation
7. dry mouth 8.dependency
9. withdrawal symptoms includes:
a. agitation/irritability b.tremors
c. sweating d.nausea/vomiting
e. tachycardia f.hypertension
g. hallucinations h.convulsions
i. tolerance
j. potentially lethal with alcohol. Benzodiazepines and alcohol are both CNS depressants. This combination increases risk for respiratory depression.
Nursing Interventions/Teaching for Benzodiazepines
1. Name of medication, purpose, dosage, frequency, side effects of medication, take as directed, and a 30 day supply of the medication is given each month.
2. Do not abruptly stop benzodiazepine due to dependency and withdrawal.
3. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until drowsiness decreases.
4. Do not use alcohol due to increase in CNS depressant effects.
5. See textbook for list of other teaching interventions for the side effects of benzodiazepines.
6. Longer half lives of Tranxene, Librium, and Valium. Therefore, these 3 medications should be used cautiously with the elderly.
Most Benzodiazepines have zep in thegeneric name.
Librium(chlordiazepoxide) Valium(diazepam) Serax (oxazepam)
Tranxene (chlorazepate)
Ativan(lorazepam)
Klonopin(clonazepam)
Xanax (alprazolam)
Xanax (alprazolam)
Benzodiazepine
Klonopin(clonazepam)
Benzodiazepine
Ativan(lorazepam)
Benzodiazepine
Tranxene(chlorazepate)
Benzodiazepine
Serax (oxazepam)
Benzodiazepine
Valium(diazepam)
Benzodiazepine
Librium(chlordiazepoxide)
Benzodiazepine
Other Antianxiety Agents:
1.BuSpar
2.Vistaril
Vistaril
used for anxiety, nausea, vomiting, sedation, and itching. No dependency or withdrawal potential.
BuSpar
used for anxiety with no dependency or withdrawal potential.
Sedative/Hypnotics
Ambien, Lunesta, & Restoril -used for insomnia associated with increased anxiety. Side effects include dependency, tolerance, daytime drowsiness, and “drugged” feeling.
Miscellaneous info
Antidepressants such as SSRI’s and TCA’s (such as Anafranil) can be used to treat anxiety disorders too.
Which sedative-hypnotic medications are used for the short-term tx for the insomnia that often accompanies anxiety disorders?
Restoril (temazepam)
Lunesta (eszopiclane)
Ambien (zolpidem)
Which antianxiety medicatin is not addictive
BuSpar
Vistraril
Nursing intervention: or teaching
Teach to not stop medicatins abruptly
Benzodiazepine can cause addiction. Unsupervised withdrawal from a CNS depressant can be fatal.
Nursing intervention:or teaching
Teach not to drink alcohol when taking this med.
The combination between Benzodiazepine and CNS depressants cause potentially lethal CNS depressant
effects
Nursing intervention: or teaching
Teach to take medications as ordered.
Benzodiazepines can be abused. Tolorance develops quickly.
Nursing intervention: or teaching
Hold if diastolic BP drops below 20mmHg.
Orthostatic Hypertention is a side effect of benzodiazepines.
Contraindications of Benzodiazepines
Do not use during pregnancy- causes cleft lip or palate.
Do not use with alcohol-taking alcohol or other CNS depressant while taking Benzodiazepines can be lethal due to CNS potentiation.
Benzodiazepines
exacerbate narrow angle glaucoma
Benzodiazepines have side effects of anticholinergic and CNS, name a few of each.
CNS: fatigue, decreased coordination,slowing of reflexes, drowsiness,.

Anticholinergic: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary incontinance, constipation, Orthostatic hypotension, urinary retintion,
Advantages of Benzodiazepine
Calm nerves
Blurs reality
can be take PRN
Benzodiazepines are used for:
pre-surgery nervousness
Chronic anxiety
Acute anxiety
Substance withdrawl
Seizure disorder
Panic disorder