Anti-Infectives Pharm 514

Front 1

Penicillin VK

Back 1

Natural Penicillin; Strep Pharyngitis

Front 2

Penicillin G

Back 2

Natural Penicillin; Serious Step Skin infections, Syphilis

Front 3

Amoxicillin

Back 3

Aminopenicillin; AOM, ABS

Front 4

Ampicillin

Back 4

Aminopenicillin; Listeria meningitis, enterococcus infection

Front 5

Dicloxicillin

Back 5

Antistaphylococcal; Skin infection (staph or strep, not MRSA)

Front 6

Nafcillin

Back 6

Antistaphylococcal; More serious staphylococcal infections (endocarditis)

Front 7

Amoxicillin/Clavanulate

Back 7

Beta-Lactam/Beta-Lactamase; Refractory AOM, ABS, Animal Bites

Front 8

Ampicillin/Sulbactam

Back 8

Beta-Lactam/Beta-Lactamase; CAP, mild or moderate abdominal infections

Front 9

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

Back 9

Beta-Lactam/Beta-Lactamase; Life Threatening infection

Front 10

Cefazolin

Back 10

1st Generation Cephalosporin

Skin infection; Surgical Prophylaxis

Front 11

Cephalexin

Back 11

1st Gen Cephalosporin

Skin Infections

Front 12

Cefotetan

Back 12

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

GI surgical prophylaxis;

Mild to moderate abdominal infection

Front 13

Cefuroxime

Back 13

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

Refractory AOM, ABS

Front 14

Ceftriaxone

Back 14

3rd Generation Cephalosporine

Meningitis, endocarditis, skin infection, gonorrhea

Front 15

Ceftazidime

Back 15

3rd Generation Cephalosporin

serious pseudomonas infection

Front 16

Cefpodoxime

Cefdinir

Back 16

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

Refactory AOM, ABS

Front 17

Cefepime

Back 17

4th Gen Cephalosporin

Life Threatening infection in the ICU

Front 18

Vancomycin

Back 18

Glycopeptide - bactericidal

Used to treat MRSA; only gram positive infections

Trough 10-20

Oto and Nephrotoxicity; SJS

predictable pharmacokinetics (renally excreted)

Front 19

Which causes more diarrhea, Penicillins or Cephalosporins?

Back 19

Cephalosporins

Front 20

Name the 3 types of Hypersensitivity reactions

(Penicillins)

Back 20

Immediate - 30-60 mins

Accelerated - 1-72 hours

Delayed - >72 hours, type II-IV hypersentivity (non-IgE)

Front 21

Is a maculopapular or urticarial rash IgE mediated?

Back 21

Urticarial

Front 22

If you have an anaphylactic reaction to Penicillin, which drug should you not receive

Back 22

Imepenem

Front 23

Difference between SJS and TEN

Back 23

SJS is <10% of BSA

TEN is >30% of BSA

Front 24

Aminoglycosides

Back 24

- mycin or -micin drugs (bactericidal)

only used when necessary; highly toxic (nephro/oto)

often synergistic with other abx for serious gram negative infections

Front 25

Which is worse Ototoxicity or Nephrotoxicity

Back 25

Ototoxicity, because nephrotoxicity is often reversible. Caused by aminoglycosides

Front 26

What are the 3 Macrolides available in the US?

Back 26

Erythromycin, Azithromycin (covers H. flu) and heavily used for CAP, Clarithromycin

Front 27

Azithromycin uses

Back 27

CAP, Chlamydia, MAC prophylaxis in AIDS, AOM

Front 28

Name 3 tetracyclines and their uses and toxicities

Back 28

1. Tetracycline - Chlamydia, Mycoplasma

2. Doxycycline

3. Minocycline

Bad Toxicities - GI upset, Photoxicity, brown teeth and delayed bone growth (not for < 12 y/o), Candidiasis

Avoid milk, iron, antacids

Front 29

Clindamycin

Back 29

Bacteriostatic; penetrates cavities well, use in mixed aerobic-anaerobic skin infections, can cause toxic C.Diff infection

Front 30

Linezolid

Back 30

The first oxazolidinone drug; useful in gram positive infections (MRSA), expensive

Front 31

Bactrim (Trimethoprim-Sulfmethoxazole)

Back 31

Skin infections (CA-MRSA)

UTI

Pneumocystis PNA

Front 32

Is it safe to give non-antibiotic sulfonamides to patients with a sulfa allergy?

Back 32

Yes

Front 33

Name the 4 Flouroquinolones used in the US market and their generation.

Back 33

2nd Generation - Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

3rd Generation - Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin

bactericidal

Tendon Rupture

Front 34

Levofloxacin

Back 34

2nd Generation Flouroquinolone

Used in UTI, CAP, Sinusitis, STDs, traveller's diarrhea

Front 35

Nitrofurantoin (macrobid)

Back 35

UTI, cystitis due to e.coli or S. Aureus, doesn't work for pyelonephritis or with decreased CrCl. , sometimes used in prophylaxis (daily)

GI, liver, lung toxicities, neuropathies

Front 36

Three uses of Rifampin

Back 36

TB, Staphylococcus, meningitis prophylaxis

Extremely potent liver INDUCER

Front 37

Metronidazole

Back 37

Good for Anaerobes; penetrates abcesses

Front 38

How are Fungi categorized?

Back 38

1. Yeast -Candida, Cryptococcus

2. Dimorphic Fungi - Blastomyces, Coccidoides

3. Molds - Aspergillus

Front 39

Name some bad things about Amphotericin B

Back 39

Nephrotoxicity, Hematologic toxicity, Holes in fungal coverage, difficult dosing

Front 40

Fluconazole

Back 40

Useful in yeast, but not great for molds, cheap and generic.

Front 41

Voriconazole

Back 41

Active against yeast and molds; Lots of side effects - Lousy pharmacokinetics, short half life (6 hours). Inhibits 3A4. Visual Disturbances.

Front 42

Which types of antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?

Back 42

Beta-Lactams, vancomycin

Front 43

Which types of antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis?

Back 43

aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, clindamycin, linezolid

Front 44

Can gram positive or gram negative bacteria alter their outer-membrane to prevent abx penetration?

Back 44

gram negative

Front 45

Where do -Azoles work?

Back 45

On Lanosterol

Front 46

Amphotericin B and Nystatin work directly on Ergosterol. T or F

Back 46

True