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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Purpose of infection control |
Reduce the incidence of HAIs, decreasing morbidity and mortality |
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Who regulated infection control |
The joint commission national patient safety goal initiative |
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ESR lab studies show |
Rate of settling RBCs and is elevated with inflammation and infection. Used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. |
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C AND S will show |
Susceptibility, resistance, colony count, bacteria type and MIC= minimum inhibitory concentration - lowest concentration that will inhibit growth. |
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Prophylactic means |
Used when pt is high risk of infection. Follow prescribed time frames |
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Empiric definition |
Abx prescribed based on symptoms |
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Definitive means |
Organism identified Susceptibility known |
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Inhibitiom of cell wall synthesis |
Penicillin and cephalosporins |
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Inhibition of protein synthesis |
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) , tetracyclines, macrolides ( erythromycin) |
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Class that disrupts plasma cell membranes |
Diflucan, nystatin |
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Inhibition of DNA synthesis |
Cipro, levofloxacin, flagyl |
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Class that inhibits metabolic pathways |
Sulfonamides |
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Four classes of penicillins |
Natural, broad spectrum, extended spectrum, penicillinase resistant- (betalactamase inhibitors added) |
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Adverse effects of penicillins |
Allergic response=hives itching Gi upset Seizures Labs elevated: ast, alt, k Flushing Wheezing |
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Administration of penicillins |
Do not give with food Iv- check compatibility. can be irritating to veins |
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Drug interactions of penicillins |
Decrease effects on coumadin, birth control, give 2 hrs from aminoglycosides And probenicid (benemid) leads to toxicity d/t decreased excretion |
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Education on penicillins |
Immediately report severe and persistant diarrhea |
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Beta lactamase |
Enzyme produced by bacteria to destroy antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosprins, carbapenems, monobactams. |
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Examples of beta lactamase inhibitors are |
Unasyn, augmentin, timentin, zosyn. Beta lactamase inhibitors can be added to increase effectiveness of antibiotics |
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Iv administrarion of zosyn |
Based on creatinine levels, check for compatibility |
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Nursing considerations for zosyn |
Monitor labs: h/h and platelets. Check for allergies |
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How does zosyn work |
Active against beta lactamase producing microbes (e.coli) .. inhibits cell wall synthesis. Extended spectrum penicillin. |
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Cephalosporins work how |
Inhibits cell wall synthesis. These are similar to penicillins. |
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Therapeutic use of cephalosporins |
Gram neg infections Patients allergic to penicillin Penicillin resistant infections |
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Cephalosporins contraindicated for |
Pts who had anaphylaxis folllowing penicillin exposure. |
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5 Examples of cephalosprins |
Ancef, keflex, mefoxin, rocephin, maxipime. |
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Cephalosporins adverse effects |
Allergy , rash, giupset, bun/cr levels, sm amt secreted in breast milk. |
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Drug interactions of cephalosprins |
Nephrotoxic drugs, anticoagulant effects may increase-monitor labs (INR) aspirin, alcohol - h/a , flushing, dizziness, n/v , blurred vision. |
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Carbapenams work how |
Bactericidal broad spectrum alternative to penicillin Resistant to beta lactamase Inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Adverse effects of carbapenems |
N/d Rash Thrombophlebitis |
