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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Polyenes

Amphotericin B



Natamycin [Natacyn]

Pyrimidines

Flucytosine

Azoles

Ketoconazole


Itraconazole


Fluconazole


Voriconazole

Echinocandins

Capsofungin


Micafungin


Anidulafungin

Polyenes MOA

Bind to ergosterol present in the cell membranes of sensitive fungi to increase permeability



Bind human cell membranes to a lesser extent



Concentration dependent in action; fungistatic at low concentrations and fungicidial at higher concentrations



Resistance relatively rare

Pyrimidines MOA

Block thymidine synthesis in susceptible fungi, impairing DNA synthesis



Fungistatic



Resistance can develop during tx



Rarely used because resistance is a major problem among many types of fungi

Azoles MOA

Impair the biosynthesis of ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane increasing membrane permeability and inhibiting fungal growth



Not selective; can also inhibit many mammalian cyctochrome P450-dependent enzymes



Drug intersections can occur with medications metabolized through the P450 pathway



Fungistatic



Resistance Increases in immunocompromised patients

Echinocandins MOA

Target fungal cell wall by inhibiting glucan synthesis; this depletes glucan polymers in the fungal cell wall causing an abnormally weak cell wall



Selective in action because there is no counterpart to a cell wall in the mammalian cell



Oral bioavailibility is poor

Biguanides MOA

Disrupt cytoplasmic membrane by affecting lipids

Biguanides

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)



Chlorhexidine

Diamidines MOA

Disrupt cytoplasmic membrane by causing leakage of amino acids

Diamidines

Propamidine