Anti-Diabetic Ljubav

Front 1

_________ It is used to monitor the plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time (4-6 weeks).

Back 1

Glycosylated hemoglobin Hb-A1c

Front 2

Insulin secretion is promoted by __________.

Back 2

↑ blood glucose levels, amino acids, GI hormones and by β-2 agonist.

Front 3

Insulin is referred as the _________as it promotes anabolism and inhibits catabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids and protein.

Back 3

storage hormone

Front 4

What is the mechanism of action of insulin?

Back 4

Insulin binds to insulin receptors on the plasma membrane and activates tyrosine kinase – primarily in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle.

Front 5

The Nerves, RBC’s, Kidney, and Lens of the eye (do/do not) require insulin for glucose transport

Back 5

DO NOT

Front 6

Insulin increase the storage of glucose as______ in the liver and It inserts the________glucose transport molecule in the cell membrane

Back 6

glycogen; GLUT-2

Front 7

Insulin inhibits _______– thus significantly ↓ glucose output by the liver

Back 7

gluconeogenesis

Front 8

(IN MUSCLE) Glucose transport into the cells is facilitated by ______into the cell membrane

Back 8

GLUT-4

Front 9

(Adipose tissue) Insulin facilitates the storage of _______ by activating plasma lipoprotein lipase and inhibiting intracellular lipolysis

Back 9

triglyceride

Front 10

(Adipose tissue) Insulin increases the glucose uptake by ______insertion into the cell membrane

Back 10

GLUT-4

Front 11

Insulin is a _______peptide

Back 11

51 AA

Front 12

Insulin is inactivated by ______ found mainly in _____ and ______

Back 12

insulinase; liver; kidney

Front 13

Adverse effects of Insulin

Back 13

Hypoglycemia
Allergic reactions
Lipodystrophy
Others includes
Seizures
Coma

Front 14

This kind of oral anti-diabetic drug Reduces the bio-synthesis of glucose in liver --

Back 14

Biguanides

Front 15

This kind of anti-diabetic drug Increases the sensitivity of target cells to insulin --

Back 15

Thiazolidinediones

Front 16

This kind of oral anti-diabetic drug Retards the absorption of sugars from the GI tract

Back 16

Acarbose, Miglitol

Front 17

This kind of oral anti-diabetic drug- Stimulation of pancreatic insulin release

Back 17

Sulfonylureas, Meglitinide

Front 18

Adverse effects of Sulfonylureas?

Back 18

Hypoglycemia
Cholestatic jaundice
Weight gain
Cross placenta – fetal hypoglycemia.
Chlorpropamide : It can cause water retention by ↑ release of ADH (SIADH)
Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol.

Front 19

_____ has minimal renal excretion thus useful in patients with DM and impaired renal function

Back 19

Repaglinide, Nateglinide

Front 20

Who am I?

Increase sugar utilization and inhibits gluconeogenesis
Does not promote insulin secretion.
It increase the sensitivity of liver and muscle to insulin.
It causes modest weight loss

Back 20

Metformin (Glucophage)

Front 21

Thiazolidinediones
Enhance glucose and lipid metabolism through action on _______________.
They enhance sensitivity to insulin in muscle and fat by increasing the ______ glucose transporters.

Back 21

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR–γ);

GLUT 4

Front 22

Troglitazone is associated with _________.

Back 22

hepatitis

Front 23

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors inhibits alpha-glucosidase which converts dietary starch and complex carbohydrates into ________

Back 23

simple sugars

Front 24

The following are examples of what?

Acarbose (Glucobay) , Miglitol (Glyset)

Back 24

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Front 25

Glucagon like Peptide : GLP-1 analog : Xenatide : (Byetta) :
GLP is an incretin released from the ________ which increase the glucose dependent insulin secretion

Back 25

small intestine

Front 26

________ suppress glucagon release and reduce appetite

Back 26

Xenatide

Front 27

Sitagliptin (Januvia) is an oral anti-diabetic drug.
It inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). What is the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4)?

Back 27

an enzyme which inactivates the incretins GLP-1 and GIP

Front 28

How does Glucagon act?

Back 28

It acts by stimulation of glucagon receptors and not through beta 1 receptors.

Front 29

What is Pramlintide acetate (Symlin)?

Back 29

a relatively new adjunct treatment for diabetes. It is derived from amylin, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream, in a similar pattern as insulin, after a meal. Like insulin, amylin is deficient in individuals with diabetes. By substituting for amylin, pramlintide aids in the absorption of glucose by slowing gastric emptying, promoting satiety, and inhibiting inappropriate secretion of glucagon, a catabolic hormone that opposes the effects of insulin and amylin.