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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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play
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1. adopted by players
2.pleasurable 3.related to non-play world |
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why play?
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childhood development
build muscles and bone tissue |
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effects of play for children
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helps learn culture
rehearsal for "real world" |
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effects of play for adults
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increases creativity, allows for innovation
allows critiques of the "real" world allows alternate views of reality |
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joking
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something said or done to evoke laughter
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metafommunication
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communication about the process of communication
(framing, reflecting) |
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sport
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physically exertive activity that is competitive. has definitions and rules
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framing
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a cognitive boundary that works certain behaviors as "play" or as "ordinary line"
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reflexivity
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critically thinking about the way one thinks, refletion on ones own experiences
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art
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play with form producing some aesthetically successful transform representation
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form
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rule set by a study, media etc
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aesthetically
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something represented symbolically
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art in western societies
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structure: art schools, critics, museums, professionals
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art in non western societies
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a part of everyday life
example: baile dance marks |
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Myth
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a traditional story accepted as history
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types of myth
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sacred
ahistorical |
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sacred
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tied to history
used to tell people where they came from ( america, evolution) |
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ahistorical
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not tied to history
used to validate the world and make it apear "natural) i.e. death (cinderella) |
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functions of myth
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give answers for the ones we can't explain
tell us how we should live (life vs. death, man vs. woman, changing of seasons) |
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orthodoxy
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“ correct doctrine”; the prohibition of deviation from approved mythical texts
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ritual
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• a repetitive social practice composed of a sequence of symbolic activities in the form of dance, song, speech, gestures and so forth
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function of ritual
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• Through rituals, participants learn concepts and they practice concepts (US birthday parties
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Componets of ritual
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1.text Rituals have particular sequences of acts, utterances and events(happy birthday song)
2.Action/performance Rituals are also performed, they involve action that acts to comment on the text Example: exchanging wedding rings |
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rites of passage
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o Rituals that serve to mark the movement and transformation of an individual from one social position to another.
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steps in rites of passage
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separation
Liminal period Reaggregation |
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worldview
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o Encompassing views of reality created by the members of societies
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Metaphors
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a form of languages where a word is to refer to something it doesn’t literally denote
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types of metaphors:Organic
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the model for the world is based on the characteristics of living organisms
• Ex. Different customs and traditions in a society “make up” a body |
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types of metatphors: technological
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the model for the world is based on technology
Ex. Newton talked about the brain as a clock |
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metonymy
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a form of language where a thing or concept is not called by its own name but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept
ex:Commander in chief |
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symbols
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something (a word, image or action) that stands for something else
ex: flag= freedom |
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religion
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idea and practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses
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seven common practices of religion
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Prayer
Physiological exercise- speaking in tongues Exhortation- priest Mana- impersonal human power -Taboo-objects or people who cannot be touched -Can’t eat pork Feasts -Communion Sacrifice |
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shamans
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• Part-time religious practitioner who is believed to have the power to contact invisible powers directly on behalf of individuals or groups
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priets
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• A full- or part time religious practitioner skilled in the practice of religious rituals, which he or she carries out for the benefit of the group.
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ideology
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a worldview that justifies the social arrangements under which people live
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life stages
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infancy, transistion to childhood, childhood, adolescence,college life, adulthood
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infancy
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right after birth.-US
not so in all all cultures |
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naming
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in US flexible
others like the !kung are rigid |
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transition to childhood
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weaning; developing mentally, physically and emotionally
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childhood
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from mini adults in 1908 to children in 2011
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adolescence
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starts of sexual maturity
not commonly reconized(like the kpell) |
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adulthood
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totally maturation
reconized by ALL cultures |
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old age
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loss of physical and mental ability
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social birth
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transition in personhood (for societies with high infant mortality)
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socialization
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how they grow up
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enculturation
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thinking and feeling
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sex
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biological
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gender
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cultural
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initiation rites
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rites of passage
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bands
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small group of related people (by birth)
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tribes
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common descent, traditions, ideology,language and culture
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chiefdoms
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political groups separated by cheifs
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economic anthropology
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the study of how economics and anthropology connect
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subsistance
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supporting oneself with the minimum
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distrbution (exchange)
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patterns of exchange (goods and services)
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reprocity
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the exchange of goods and services of equal value
example: meat sharing of the !kung |
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balanced reprocity
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exchange is equal and expected to be returned in a specific time limit
ex:birthday party |
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generalized reprocity
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when neighter the time nor the value of the the return are specified
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negative reprocity
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when one party tries to get something for nothing
ex: theif |
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redistribution
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where the government takes from everyone and gives out equally (taxes in US)(Potlatch)
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distribution and social structure
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bands-reprocity
tribes-reprocity and redist. chiefdomes-redis states-all three |
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consumption
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the using of goods neccessary for human comsumption
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internal explantion for consumption
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human consume what they do in order to survive
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external explantion for consumption
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humans consume what they do because of the enivornment they live in
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culture
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learned rather than inherited (can't get kicked out of)
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societies
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organized group of individuals with specific boundaries of critera of membership(can be kicked out of)
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kinship
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social relationships which are derived from human experiences of mating,birth, and nuriturence
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3 componets of kinship
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marriage, adoption, descent
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kinship is a variable (idiom)
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means different thing s in different societies
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descent
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culturally reconized parent-child connection that defines social categories to which people belong
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types of descent: bilateral
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-traced through mothers and fathers
-traced through an individual (ego) and his/siblings -cousins have different kin |
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types of descent:unlineal
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descent through mothers and fathers ONLY
mothers-matrilineal fathers-patrilineal |
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consanguinal
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related by blood
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affinal
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related by marriage
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pototypical
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sister-brother pair (in matrilineage)
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pRototypical
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father -son pair (in patrilineage)
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clans
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social groups formed by members that have a common (sometimes mythical) ancestor
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adoption
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based on nuturience
(US formal and legal) (Inupiaq-informal whoever raised you) |
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sodalities
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purpose grouping (frats)
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reference
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words used when speaking ABOUT another person
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address
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words used when speaking TO another person
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