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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anthropology
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The study of humankind in all times and places.
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Holistic perspective
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A fundamental principles of anthropology: that the various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence.
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Ethnocentrism
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The belief that the ways of one's own culture are the only proper ones.
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Culture-bound
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Looking at the world and reality based on the assumptions and value's of one's own culture
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(Field 1 of Anthropology) Applied Anthropology
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The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client.
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(Field 2 of Anthropology) Medical Anthropology
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A specialization in anthropology that combines theoretical and applied approaches from culture and biological anthropology with the study of human health and disease.
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(Field 3 of Anthropology) Physical Anthropology
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The systematic study of humans as biological organisms; also known as biological anthropology
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(Field 4 of Anthropology) Molecular Anthropology
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A branch of biological anthropology that uses genetic and biochemical techniques to test hypotheses about human evolution, adaptation, and variation.
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(Field 5 of Anthropology) Paleoanthropology
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The study of the origins and predecessors of the present human species; the study of human evolution.
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Biocultural
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Focusing on the interaction of biology and culture.
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Primatology
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The study of living fossil primates
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Forensic Anthropology
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Applied subfield of physical anthropology that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes.
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Cultural Anthropology
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Also known as social or sociocultural anthropology. The study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought, and feelings. It focuses on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures.
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Culture
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A society's shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior.
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Ethnography
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A detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork.
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Fieldwork
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The term anthropologists use for on-location research.
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Participant observation
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The technique of learning a people's culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied.
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Ethnology
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The study and analysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view.
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Linguistic Anthropology
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The study of human languages; looking at their structure, history, and relation to social and cultural contexts.
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Discourse
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An extended communication on a particular subject.
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archaeology
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The study of human cultures through the recovery and analysis of material remains and environmental data.
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bioarchaeology
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The archaeological study of human remains, emphasizing the preservation of cultural and social processes in the skeleton.
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empirical
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Based on observations of the world rather than on intuition or faith.
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hypothesis
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A tentative explanation of the relationships between certain phenomena.
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Theory
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An explanation of natural phenomena supported by a reliable body of data.
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Doctrine
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An assertion of opinion of belief formally handed down by an authority as true and indisputable.
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Species
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The smallest working units in the system of classification.
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Genus
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A group of like species
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Taxonomy
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The science of classification
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Analogies
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Structures possessed by different organisms that are superficially similar due to similar function.
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Homologies
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structures possessed by two different organisms that arise in similar fashion and pass through similar stages during embryonic development
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Gene
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A portion of the DNA molecule contain a sequence of base pairs that is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.
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Chromosomes
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Structures visibles during cellular division containing long strands of DNA combined with a protein
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RNA
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Ribonucleic acid, similar to DNA but with uracil substituted for the base thymine.
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Ribosomes
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Structures in the cell where translation occurs
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Genetic code
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The sequence of three bases that specifies the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.
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alleles
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Alternate forms of a single genes
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Enzyme
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Protein that initiates and directs chemical reations
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Genome
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The complete structure sequence of DNA for a species
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Mitosis
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A kind of cell division that produces new cells having exactly the same number of chromosome pairs, and hence copies of genes, as the parent cell
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Meiosis
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A kind of cell division that produces the sex cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes found in other cells of the organisms.
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Population
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a group of similar individuals that can and do interbreed.
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gene pool
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All the genetic variants possessed by members of a population
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evolution
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Changes in allele frequencies in populations; also known as microevolution
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Genetic drift
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Chance fluctuations of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population
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gene flow
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The introduction of alleles form the gene pool of one population into that of another.
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adaptation
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A series of adjustments to the environment
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Sickle-cell anemia
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An inherited form of anemia caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin protein that causes the red blood cells to assume a sickle shape
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