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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Anthropology
The study of humankind in all times and places.
Holistic perspective
A fundamental principles of anthropology: that the various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence.
Ethnocentrism
The belief that the ways of one's own culture are the only proper ones.
Culture-bound
Looking at the world and reality based on the assumptions and value's of one's own culture
(Field 1 of Anthropology) Applied Anthropology
The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client.
(Field 2 of Anthropology) Medical Anthropology
A specialization in anthropology that combines theoretical and applied approaches from culture and biological anthropology with the study of human health and disease.
(Field 3 of Anthropology) Physical Anthropology
The systematic study of humans as biological organisms; also known as biological anthropology
(Field 4 of Anthropology) Molecular Anthropology
A branch of biological anthropology that uses genetic and biochemical techniques to test hypotheses about human evolution, adaptation, and variation.
(Field 5 of Anthropology) Paleoanthropology
The study of the origins and predecessors of the present human species; the study of human evolution.
Biocultural
Focusing on the interaction of biology and culture.
Primatology
The study of living fossil primates
Forensic Anthropology
Applied subfield of physical anthropology that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes.
Cultural Anthropology
Also known as social or sociocultural anthropology. The study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought, and feelings. It focuses on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures.
Culture
A society's shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior.
Ethnography
A detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork.
Fieldwork
The term anthropologists use for on-location research.
Participant observation
The technique of learning a people's culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied.
Ethnology
The study and analysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view.
Linguistic Anthropology
The study of human languages; looking at their structure, history, and relation to social and cultural contexts.
Discourse
An extended communication on a particular subject.
archaeology
The study of human cultures through the recovery and analysis of material remains and environmental data.
bioarchaeology
The archaeological study of human remains, emphasizing the preservation of cultural and social processes in the skeleton.
empirical
Based on observations of the world rather than on intuition or faith.
hypothesis
A tentative explanation of the relationships between certain phenomena.
Theory
An explanation of natural phenomena supported by a reliable body of data.
Doctrine
An assertion of opinion of belief formally handed down by an authority as true and indisputable.
Species
The smallest working units in the system of classification.
Genus
A group of like species
Taxonomy
The science of classification
Analogies
Structures possessed by different organisms that are superficially similar due to similar function.
Homologies
structures possessed by two different organisms that arise in similar fashion and pass through similar stages during embryonic development
Gene
A portion of the DNA molecule contain a sequence of base pairs that is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.
Chromosomes
Structures visibles during cellular division containing long strands of DNA combined with a protein
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, similar to DNA but with uracil substituted for the base thymine.
Ribosomes
Structures in the cell where translation occurs
Genetic code
The sequence of three bases that specifies the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.
alleles
Alternate forms of a single genes
Enzyme
Protein that initiates and directs chemical reations
Genome
The complete structure sequence of DNA for a species
Mitosis
A kind of cell division that produces new cells having exactly the same number of chromosome pairs, and hence copies of genes, as the parent cell
Meiosis
A kind of cell division that produces the sex cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes found in other cells of the organisms.
Population
a group of similar individuals that can and do interbreed.
gene pool
All the genetic variants possessed by members of a population
evolution
Changes in allele frequencies in populations; also known as microevolution
Genetic drift
Chance fluctuations of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population
gene flow
The introduction of alleles form the gene pool of one population into that of another.
adaptation
A series of adjustments to the environment
Sickle-cell anemia
An inherited form of anemia caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin protein that causes the red blood cells to assume a sickle shape