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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cultural Relativity |
differencesin peoples are not the result of social evolution, instead are the result ofparticular histories, and social, political, and environmental context; allpeoples are equally culturally developed. |
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Ethnocentrism |
judging others and their cultures based on ourown culture. |
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Ritual |
Focusedon controlling the uncontrollable, actions or a sequence of actions that aretied to meanings or outcomes. (Baseball player wearing lucky socks) |
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Context |
The cultural, historical, and political-economicbackground in which something occurs. |
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Culture |
A shared and negotiated system of meaning thatpeople learn and put into practice. |
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Magic |
Practices that seek to mitigate the uncertainties of chance or accident, orwhere the outcome isn’t explainable. (ex. rubbing the baseball before pitches) |
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Othering |
Making other groups of people or theirpractices seem strange or weird, enforces social norms. |
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Ethnography |
the study of people from various cultures andtheir customs. |
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Socialization |
The process of inheriting norms, customs, and practices. |
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Enculturation |
learning or being taught the characteristics andnorms of a culture or group.(i.e. Children learning to be quiet in classrooms.) |
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Fetish |
material object that embodies “supernaturalpower” that can aid or protect the user. (ex. rabbit foot) |
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Race |
a term used to categorize people based onphenotypic traits, or to assume characteristics of groups of people because oftheir phenotypic characteristics. |
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Ethnicity |
apolitically and historically situated set of identity practices. |
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Genotype |
A person's genetic makeup. |
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Phenotype |
the physical manifestation of the genotype. (i.e. brown eyes) |
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Hypodescent |
assumes that phenotypic traits equals cultural traits and characteristics, one drop rule. |
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Afrocentrism |
Focus on African culture and roots. |
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Silent Racism |
When well-meaning whites do not act outwardly racist, but may harbor feelings of superiority. |
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Ascribed vs. Achieved Identities |
ascribed identities are given to an individual, achieved identities are identities that must be obtained by individuals. |
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Stereotypes |
A folk understanding of one group of people by another. Often based on symbols, speech, or phenotypic traits that have been given meanings by other people. |
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Identity |
How social actors negotiate sameness and differences among and between themselves. |
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Neoliberalism |
The idea that the global marketplace should determine the cost of goods and services. ( Mansfield, Ohio) |
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Participant Observation |
A main method of ethnographic observation, involves spending a long period of time within the community that is under observation. |
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Gentrification |
The process of renewal and rebuilding that comes along with the inflow of middle or upper class people into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents. |
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Class Mobility |
The ability to move upward or downward in status based on wealth, occupation, and education. |
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Meritocratic Individualism |
The idea that people's success or failure depends on factors outside of their control. |
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Scandal |
An action or event deemed to be morally or legally wrong and causing public outrage. |
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Myth |
Reconciling the differences between nature and culture, a mental attempt to do so. (ex. black people are inherently more criminal) |
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Gender Ideologies |
Feelings, ideas, and beliefs people have about gender. Influences how proper gender behaviors are evaluated. |
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Sports as a "mirror to society" |
Sports often shows cultural themes, societal norms, and other ideologies. |
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Materiality |
Physical objects embodying ideas, people making things and how they make meanings of things. |
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Globalization |
The world becoming more connected, overcoming boundaries. |
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Immigration |
The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country. |