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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Cultural Relativity

differencesin peoples are not the result of social evolution, instead are the result ofparticular histories, and social, political, and environmental context; allpeoples are equally culturally developed.

Ethnocentrism

judging others and their cultures based on ourown culture.

Ritual

Focusedon controlling the uncontrollable, actions or a sequence of actions that aretied to meanings or outcomes. (Baseball player wearing lucky socks)

Context

The cultural, historical, and political-economicbackground in which something occurs.

Culture

A shared and negotiated system of meaning thatpeople learn and put into practice.

Magic

Practices that seek to mitigate the uncertainties of chance or accident, orwhere the outcome isn’t explainable. (ex. rubbing the baseball before pitches)

Othering

Making other groups of people or theirpractices seem strange or weird, enforces social norms.

Ethnography

the study of people from various cultures andtheir customs.

Socialization

The process of inheriting norms, customs, and practices.

Enculturation

learning or being taught the characteristics andnorms of a culture or group.(i.e. Children learning to be quiet in classrooms.)

Fetish

material object that embodies “supernaturalpower” that can aid or protect the user. (ex. rabbit foot)

Race

a term used to categorize people based onphenotypic traits, or to assume characteristics of groups of people because oftheir phenotypic characteristics.

Ethnicity

apolitically and historically situated set of identity practices.

Genotype

A person's genetic makeup.

Phenotype

the physical manifestation of the genotype. (i.e. brown eyes)

Hypodescent

assumes that phenotypic traits equals cultural traits and characteristics, one drop rule.

Afrocentrism

Focus on African culture and roots.

Silent Racism

When well-meaning whites do not act outwardly racist, but may harbor feelings of superiority.

Ascribed vs. Achieved Identities

ascribed identities are given to an individual, achieved identities are identities that must be obtained by individuals.

Stereotypes

A folk understanding of one group of people by another. Often based on symbols, speech, or phenotypic traits that have been given meanings by other people.

Identity

How social actors negotiate sameness and differences among and between themselves.

Neoliberalism

The idea that the global marketplace should determine the cost of goods and services. ( Mansfield, Ohio)

Participant Observation

A main method of ethnographic observation, involves spending a long period of time within the community that is under observation.

Gentrification

The process of renewal and rebuilding that comes along with the inflow of middle or upper class people into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents.

Class Mobility

The ability to move upward or downward in status based on wealth, occupation, and education.

Meritocratic Individualism

The idea that people's success or failure depends on factors outside of their control.

Scandal

An action or event deemed to be morally or legally wrong and causing public outrage.

Myth

Reconciling the differences between nature and culture, a mental attempt to do so. (ex. black people are inherently more criminal)

Gender Ideologies

Feelings, ideas, and beliefs people have about gender. Influences how proper gender behaviors are evaluated.

Sports as a "mirror to society"

Sports often shows cultural themes, societal norms, and other ideologies.

Materiality

Physical objects embodying ideas, people making things and how they make meanings of things.

Globalization

The world becoming more connected, overcoming boundaries.

Immigration

The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.