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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Culture
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Consists of socially leanred knowledge and patterns of behavior.
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Cultural Identity
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When people recognize themselves and their traditions as being different from other people.
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Enculturation
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The learning of ones culture as an infant learns after birth.
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Adaptation
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The ways in which various human groups relate to their natural environments
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Pre-industrial peoples
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How they adapt to the environment affects their cultural existence.
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5 characteristics of cultural knowledge
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Norm
Values Common Understandings Classfications of Reality World Views |
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5 characteristics of cultural knowledge
Norm |
A shared rule about how people should act in situations. (proper conduct)
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5 characteristics of cultural knowledge
Values |
Consist of people's beliefs about the best way to live.
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5 characteristics of cultural knowledge
Common Understandings |
Meanings of gestures or specific behaviors due to shared standards (handshake, kiss, middle finger)
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5 characteristics of cultural knowledge
Classification of Reality |
Categories by which we label plants, animals, seasons, etc.
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5 characteristics of cultural knowledge
World Views |
How people see their purpose in life, what part they play in nature, what evil is, how people view themselves and other people, how they view time.
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2 Aspects of Food Production
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1. Natural resources that people harness to meet their needs. (food, water, wood, stones,etc.)
2. Problems that people have to solve. (land,scarity, up/down of temp., rainfall, diseases.) |
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3 factors of production
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Land-Natural resources (plants, animals, minerals)
Labor-Physical work Capital-Tools and knowledge |
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3 ways to produce food
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Hunting and Gathering
Agriculture Pastorism |
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2 types of agriculture
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Horticulture-people do all of the work.
Intensive agriculture-plows and animals are used no areas are left fallow |
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Pastoralism
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(herders) raise herds of animals.
All are nomadic (seasonal) |
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Assimilation
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Absorbing Amercian Indians into white culture and religion.
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Indian Removal Act 1830
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govt. forced indians to move west.
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Reservations
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pieces of land reserved by the US govt. for the sole perpose of containing and controlling Amercian Indians.
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Chivington Massacre 1864
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Black Kettle refused to move to a reservation and was promised a safe haven of sand creek.
Chivington attacked w/ 700 soldiers and 4 howitzers (cannon) 2/3 escaped the rest were mutilated and scalped. |
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Forst Larame Treaty of 1868
Ends w/ Red Cloud |
1. Army agrees to abandon forts in Pander River Country
2. Powder River country is officially Indian Territory 3. Receive all of S. Dakota west of the Missouri River 4. Gurated to live forever in the black hills "Paha Sapa" |
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Battle of Little Big Horn
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Break the treaty that gave Indian rts.
*Greatest Victory for Plain Indians. |
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Crazy Horse
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"Toshunka Witka" Field Commander
Dies w/ a stab in the back. |
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Sitting Bull
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"Tatanko Yotanka"
Medicine Man |
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The battle of wounded knee 1890
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GHOST DANCE
On reservations indian religion was forbidden. |
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Manifest destiny
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The 19th-century doctrine that the United States had the right and duty to expand throughout the North American continent.
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3 things all religions have
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Supernatural Powers
Myths Rituals |
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Supernatural Powers
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Forces-have no will of their own, can be used for good/evil
Beings- could appear to people, had a certain peronality |
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Myths
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oral or written stories that tell how the universe was created, the actions of god, or why we should or shouldn't do something.
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Rituals
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Behaviors and actions that are used to influence a supernatural power
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4 characteristics of religions organization
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Individualistic
Shamanlistic Commonial Ecclesiastical |
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Individualistic
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Each member has a personal relationship w/ a power.
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Shamanlistic
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A shaman has a special relationship w/ the power
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Commonial
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villages/groups participate in and organize rituals for the benefits of community.
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Ecclesiastical
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A formal religoius bureaucracy (govt.)
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Judalism
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1st religion to teach belief in 1 god.
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Hinduism
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Grew from ancient aryan traditions (india) belief that everything is a part of a supreme force that unites the universe.
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Caste System in India
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Preists and scholars
nobles and warriors merchants and artisans farmers, craftspeople, laborers UNTOUCHABLES |
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Buddism
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Urged people to seek enlightment through meditation. Belief that deisre causes suffering everyone suffers.
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Confucianism
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Code of behavior
Belief in social order and good govt. |
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Islam
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Belief in 5 pillars
1. belief in 1 god 2. daily prayer 3. charity to the poor 4.fasting 5.pilgrimage |
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Christianity
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Follow the 10 commandments
BiBle |
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Sexually Dimorphic
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Females and Males have marked idff. in size and apperance.
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Strength Theory
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When more muscle is needed for a job it is given to the males.
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Compatibility with child care
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Women feed the children so their work keeps them close to home and is less dangerous
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Expendability theory
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Men do more dangerous work b/c the loss of men is not as important as the loss of women (reproduce)
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Nature VS Nurture
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As early as birth, parents treat boys and girls diff.
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Six cultures Study
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Kenya, Mexico, India, Phillipines, Japan, US.
Own age- aggressive Older age- less aggressive. |
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2 major changes
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Old european empires have collapsed.--people are free to have their own business and sell goods world wide.
New tech--heatlh care, making stuff, getting food, transportation, and communication. |
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Increase in global interdependence
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We now rely on other countries for many of our new materials
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Change in Industry
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What we have been manufactoring is losing out to foreign competition.
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National Cooperation
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many businesses have factories in other countries
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International Economy
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The US invests in other countries and other countries invest in the US.
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Loans in the US govt made to Mexico & S. Korea
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Not friendship, but for economic self interst.
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Pop. growth
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Last 50 yrs. 2.5 -> 6 billion
2075--> 8.5 billion |
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Ethnic Group
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A group of people that share a common historical past, tradition, language, etc.
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Nationality
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an ethnic group w/ a separate political indentity and homeland
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AIM
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wanted independence from the US
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