Anthropology Final

Front 1

Fact of Blackness

Back 1

(Fanon) Inescapable position from being black (ex: stereotypes)

Front 2

Karl Marx

Back 2

believed communism and socialism were better than capitalism and that they would end class stratification; Class occurs when a ruling group of people control the mean of production [b/c they control means of production, they can control the rules of society.
*Believed that the only way out of having a class system is through a violent revolution from the lower class.

Front 3

Slavery/Wage Labor

Back 3

black people seen as objects in colonialism and slavery;

Front 4

Proletariat

Back 4

working class

Front 5

Consumer Society

Back 5

A term sometimes applied to modern Western societies, which suggests that they are increasingly organized around consumption (of goods and leisure), rather than the production of materials and services.

Front 6

Biological Determinism

Back 6

the hypothesis that biological factors such as an organism's individual genes (as opposed to social or environmental factors) completely determine how a system behaves or changes over time.

Front 7

Slash and Burn Agriculture

Back 7

consists of cutting and burning of forests or woodlands to create fields for agriculture or pasture for livestock, or for a variety of other purposes.

Front 8

Core/Periphery Relations

Back 8

The countries of the world can be divided into two major world regions - the 'core' and the 'periphery.' The core includes major world powers and the countries that contain much of the wealth of the planet. The periphery are those countries that are not reaping the benefits of global wealth and globalization; core is super power (US) and peripheries are lower countries or colonies (Guatamala), everything trickles down from core to periphery (money, education, power, etc.);Power structure

Front 9

Exploitative Theory of Social Stratification

Back 9

a theory based on the assumption that social stratification and hierarchy exist because one group of individuals seeks to take advantage of another group for economic purposes

Front 10

Sidney Mintz

Back 10

wrote Sweetness and Power; looked at the history of sugar consumption in Great Britain to analyze the spike in demand (rare good to common consumption)

Front 11

W.E.B. Du Bois

Back 11

family lived in black society and white society, speaks out against scientific racism, bond between all those who were in bondage or in slavery binds people together, blackness is all around him, but he can never escape it; common bond between slavery and oppression; supports education (slow change)

Front 12

Consumption/production

Back 12

a greater consumption leads to greater production; the increased production was done through colonies and other countries, often using cheap labor; Also parallels to the relationship b/t the colonizing countries and the colonized.

Front 13

Industrialism

Back 13

An economic and social system based on the development of large-scale industries and marked by the production of large quantities of inexpensive manufactured goods and the concentration of employment in urban factories.

Front 14

Capitalism

Back 14

an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for a private profit; decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investments are made by private actors in the free market; demand is important;

Front 15

Mode of Production

Back 15

Karl Marx; a specific combination of:
 productive forces: these include humanlabour power and the means of production (eg. tools, equipment, buildings and technologies, materials, and improved land).
 social and technical relations of production: these include the property, power and control relations governing society's productive assets, often codified in law, cooperative work relations and forms of association, relations between people and the objects of their work, and the relations between social classes.

Front 16

Means of Production

Back 16

refers to physical, non-human inputs used in production—the factories, machines, and tools used to produce wealth -- along with both infrastructural capital and natural capital.

Front 17

Nation

Back 17

Group of people with same ideas; a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory;

Front 18

Nation-State

Back 18

People with the same culture living together; form of categorizing people; countries; tied to nationalism; a sense of unity; print media is very important;

Front 19

Nationalism

Back 19

involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation.

Front 20

Bourgeois

Back 20

a member of the middle class (elite class)

Front 21

Eugenics

Back 21

the "applied science or the biosocial movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population," usually referring to human populations

Front 22

Commodity

Back 22

a good for which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market.

Front 23

Patriarchy

Back 23

an androcentric social system in which the role of the male as the primary authority figure is central to social organization, and where fathers hold authority over women, children, and property

Front 24

Benedict Anderson

Back 24

imagined communities; idea that we should all “have” a nationality; likes print media

Front 25

Jamaica Kincaid

Back 25

tourism, colonialism, ethnographic details; invert our gaze;

Front 26

Imagined Community

Back 26

o Benedict Anderson
o Everyone should have a nationality
o created in their minds
o gives people a sense of belonging
o something social and culturally constructed using symbols and rituals
o forces that bring people together to make people believe they have a nationality
o communities formed around state entity because of print media
o can create artificial divisions because of different nationalities

Front 27

Kayapos Resistance (in relation to globalization)

Back 27

o fourth-world people
o resistance to the destruction of the amazon
o Brazil is building dams to become more globalized and in turn kayapo are resisting

Front 28

Globalization

Back 28

o becoming more like everyone else
o becoming more industrialized
o Flows of people, capital, goods and ideas beyond geographical borders making them [geographical borders] less significant
o Shifts the global economy
o a social process in which restraints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding
o drug trafficking, human trafficking

Front 29

Gender Roles

Back 29

a theoretical construct in the social sciences and humanities that refers to a set of social and behavioral norms that, within a specific culture, are widely considered to be socially appropriate for individuals of a specific sex.

Front 30

Systemic Racism

Back 30

any kind of racism occurring specifically within institutions such as public government bodies, private business corporations, and universities (public and private).

Front 31

Sherry B. Ortner (nature and culture debate)

Back 31

argues that women are identified with nature, which is universally devalued (similar to the beliefs that blacks are somehow closer to nature, to the non-human world); family (domestic) life identified with nature, structurally subordinate;

Front 32

Ideology of Racism

Back 32

race is a myth but racism is not; form of othering;

Front 33

George Lipsitz (commoditization of disaster, competitive consumer citizenship)

Back 33

capitalizing on disaster in New Orleans from Hurricane Katrina; well-off people seek to maintain status by hurting people below them (tax the poor)

Front 34

Othering (social significance)

Back 34

making others feel bad to make yourself feel good;

Front 35

Neoliberalism

Back 35

privatization of schools, healthcare, etc…; capitalism on steroids (no government involvement);
• Features
o State out of the economy
o Market is the point of reference for good governance
o Comes down to the individual (all sovereign)

• Outcomes
o Stimulates eco. growth
o Deepens inequality and allure of global consumerism
o Address social problems through their own initiative (self-help)

Front 36

Free Market Economy

Back 36

a market in which there is no economic intervention and regulation by the state, except to enforce private contracts and the ownership of property; invisible hand

Front 37

Culture of Poverty

Back 37

a social theory explaining the cycle of poverty; the poor remain in poverty because of their adaptations to the burdens of poverty.

Front 38

Class System

Back 38

different types (fixed, not fixed, proletariat, Bourgeoisie,) Karl Marx
Stratified by:
o Income
o Personal possessions
o cultural/family background

Front 39

James Baldwin

Back 39

black gay writer and political activist; argues against himself being exceptional; role of church in plight of black people internationally

Front 40

Gender Performativity

Back 40

How genders perform- dress, activities, etc. How people of certain genders are expected to be.

Front 41

Bretton Woods Institutions

Back 41

dollar is reference point for currency exchange;

Front 42

Gender fixity

Back 42

equating gender with sex (ex: male or female)

Front 43

Ruth Behar (Inscribing Subjectivity)

Back 43

how to avoid objectifying the subjects of ethnogtaphy; mudslide girl; vulnerable observer;

Front 44

Refugees

Back 44

leave because they are no longer safe to live in home country, fleeing violence, persecution, environmental disasters

Front 45

Economic Migrants

Back 45

someone who has emigrated from one region to another region for the purposes of seeking employment or improved financial position.

Front 46

Ideology of Class

Back 46

human nature wants to categorize things, and from class system arose

Front 47

Franz Fanon

Back 47

Black Skin White Masks: analysis of effect of colonial subjugation on humanity; Fact of Blackness; social revolution; did not like nationalism;

Front 48

Gender

Back 48

socially constructed roles of and relations between men and women; different from sex; males are strong and females are weak; transgender is a third gender