Anthropology Exam 1

Front 1

Cultural relativism

Back 1

Withholding judgement. Does not mean "anything goes".

Front 2

Ethnography

Back 2

Doing the research, fieldwork, writing about the surrounding people

Front 3

IQ

Back 3

Intelligence quotient, does not really measure innate intelligence.

Front 4

Holism

Back 4

Studying what it means to be a human being by understanding humanity's past, present and future through biology, language culture and society -Roy Rappaport.
-Nothing can be taken to be simply sum of it's parts.

Front 5

The human condition

Back 5

We must live in terms of meaning!

Front 6

Etic

Back 6

Beforehand questions, standardized, comes out of past research
-Foreign, outsider

Front 7

EMic

Back 7

Subjective understandings of the world
-insider, native
-McHugh was trying to get the emic perspective

Front 8

Rapport

Back 8

Getting along with the people, trust

Front 9

Key informant

Back 9

Consultants, teachers, collaborators...FRIEND!
-Slightly unusual in his own setting, able to anticipate what the anthropologist wants
-ex:Yhebe

Front 10

Misfits

Back 10

Outsiders to their own culture

Front 11

Models of

Back 11

View of the world, angles of vision

Front 12

Models for

Back 12

Moral action, motivation, help us to act in a way that is good

Front 13

Apical ancestor

Back 13

Head of the family, big daddy

Front 14

Toteism

Back 14

the pattern of nature/human unity

Front 15

Race

Back 15

Cultural construction, has social meaning but is not biologically valid

Front 16

Ethnicity

Back 16

Share certain beliefs, values, customs and norms because of their common background

Front 17

Assimilation society

Back 17

Involves dominance, learn our language and follow our customs
-Be like us!

Front 18

Plural Society

Back 18

Not forced to assimilate, be yourself

Front 19

Independent assortment

Back 19

Random assortment of genes

Front 20

Phenotype and Genotype

Back 20

Phenotype:physical characteristics displayed
Genotype:in your genes

Front 21

Gene flow

Back 21

Keeping all the genes together. Acts strongly against speciation. Can reduce genetic variation btwn. two groups

Front 22

Genetic drift

Back 22

Random processes:something old and lost

Front 23

Mutation

Back 23

Generating variety;something new under the sun

Front 24

Species

Back 24

A population whose members can produce offspring and who can themselves live and reproduce

Front 25

Speciation

Back 25

Groups sharing a common ancestor but who cannot interbreed to produce offspring who themselves can live and reproduce

Front 26

Reification

Back 26

Take an abstraction and treat it as though it was a real thing (ex:IQ)

Front 27

Reduction

Back 27

Tendency to put everything into biology, oversimplifying the argument

Front 28

Essentializing

Back 28

Stereotypes, ways of identifying by putting into categories based on characteristics we typically apply to that group

Front 29

Stratigraphic dating

Back 29

Through the ground, recent species are nearer to the top and vice versa

Front 30

mtDNA

Back 30

-Inherited only through women
-Present in both men and women
-Mutation is more or less at a constant rate
-Mutation rate is faster than for nuclear DNA

Front 31

Clans

Back 31

Descent groups that have a common ancestor and name but the link is unknown all the way back

Front 32

Lineage

Back 32

Like a clan, but it is traceable

Front 33

Personhood

Back 33

Nature of a person, honor passed through blood and bone

Front 34

Social Darwinism

Back 34

Natural selection;explains speciation in populations.