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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Globalization
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The term globalization encompasses a series of processes, including diffusion and acculturation, working to promote change in the world in which nations and people are increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent.
• Source: In Hip Hop Japan, it describes how the globalization in hip hop reached Japan. • Significance: Relevant to cultural borders and promoting change. |
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Citizenship
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Understood as a universal concept. All citizens of a
particular nation state are equal before the law. • Source: Renato Rosaldo's Cultural Citizenship, Inequality, and Multiculturalism. • Significance: Deals with immigration and wanting to gain citizenship in the U.S. (Having rights and being able to work in the country) |
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Territorial boundaries/borders
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A line separating two political or geographical area esp. countries.
• Source: Chavez's section in Crossing Borders • Significance: The border is both a symbolic and physical separation. A divide that must be crossed. Also refers to crossing the border illegally with hopes of having better opportunities in the U.S. |
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"Kapuka this/kapuka that"
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: Boomba music also referred to Kapuka (due to the beat pattern) is a form of pop music popular in Kenya. It is
usually incorporates hip hop, reaga and African traditional musical styles. • Source: Movie about the Hip Hop culture in Kenya |
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Belonging vs. Fitting In
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To belong, individuals embrace the dominant
values and meanings of the nation while proving their worthiness so that they will be accepted into the nation. One may fit in but never really belong. • Source: Murray Forman article's Straight Outta Mogadishu: • Significance: Fitting in deals with chance, while belonging deals with acceptance. |
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The World System
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local societies have always participated in a larger system; is called the modern world system today, to mean a world in which nations are economically and politically interdependent. Is shaped by the world capitalist economy (Fernand Braudel- society consists of parts assembled into an interrelated system. Societies are subsystems of bigger systems, with the world system the largest.) Stresses the existence of global culture; Ch.11 in text
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Core
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Dominant position in the world system; includes the strongest and most powerful nations in which economic activities are more complex, and capital accumulation is the greatest; e.g. U.S.
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Periphery
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weakest structural position in the world system; produces raw materials, agricultural commodities, and human labor for export; e.g. Nigeria
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Semi-periphery
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Structural position in the world system intermediate between core and periphery; contemporary nations are industrialized, export both industrial goods and commodities, but lack power and economic dominance; e.g. Brazil
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Liminality
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The transitional period or phase of a rite of passage, during which the participant lacks social status or rank, remains anonymous, shows obedience and humility, and follows prescribed forms of conduct, dress, etc. Film: Maria Full of Grace. Transition phase, crossing the border
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Cultural Citizenship
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Attends, not only to dominant exclusions and marginalization, but also to subordinate aspirations for and definitions of enfranchisement. It concerns the maintenance and development of cultural lineage through education, custom, language, and religion and the positive acknowledgment of difference in and by the mainstream. (Renato Rosaldo)
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Genba
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From Hip Hop Japan; sites that become a focus of people’s energies and where something is produced; where hip hop happens; nightclubs.
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Popular Culture
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Contemporary lifestyle and items that are well known and generally accepted, cultural patterns that are widespread within a population
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Veil
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In Persepolis; length of cloth worn by women over the head, shoulders, and often the face by Iranian women under the Shah’s Regime.
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Development
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Improvement, progress, change; it occurs in surprising places; it is changes in a subjects’ life. After WWII Lecture 4-21-08
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Telos
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The end of a goal oriented process.
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Hegemony
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Leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others; leadership, predominance. Globalization: global homogenization. As used by Antonio Gramsci, a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing its values and accepting its “naturalness.”
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Genge
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Large crowd of people in Swahili. Learned in Kenyan Hip Hop. Genge music: incorporates hip hop, dancehall, and traditional African music styles.
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“The Soccer Field”
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One of the most important areas on the border names Canon Zapata; it extends north from the border and is on the U.S. side but serves as an unofficial port of entry into the U.S. It has served as an illegal crossing port for a vast amount of undocumented immigrants in Southern California. However, the flow of immigrants through the soccer field has decreased due to increased surveillance there. Is a place of geographical liminality because although it is legally in the U.S., it is an ambiguous place betwixt between the Mexico and the U.S. (Chavez, L. excerpt from Shadowed Lives Intro)
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Category of the “illegal”
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Undocumented immigrants; feel as if they are restricted, bound, similar to being in jail, Chavez
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Project Red
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Created by Bono and Bobby Shriver to raise awareness and money for the Global Fund by teaming up with the world’s most iconic brands. Deals with over-consumption.
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Cultural Relativism
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The position that the values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect; Extreme relativism argues that cultures should be judged solely by their own standards.
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Etic
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The research strategy that emphasizes the observer’s rather than the natives’ explanations and criteria of significance; Ethics and Methods [Ch.2.] Local benefits and perceptions, and the ethnographers. (Scientist oriented)
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Emic
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The research strategy that focuses on native explanations and criteria of significance; insider; how local people think. Ethics and Methods [ch.2] Local benefits and perceptions, and the ethnographers (Native oriented)
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Matrilineal/Patrilineal descent
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Unlineal descent rule in which people join the mother’s/ father’s group automatically at birth and stay members throughout life. Families, Kinship, and Marriage [ch.8]
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“Families of Choice”
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supported in Weston’s article where she says that kinship relationships of alternative families are no longer rooted in biology, but replaced by love and choice. The bond of biological connection is replaced by the bond of choice and love.
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Gender/sex
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The classification of individuals into categories of male and female or other social constructions of organization/ The division of male and female on the basis of biological anatomy.
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Race/Ethnicity
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An ethnic group assumed to have biological basis; it is a cultural category rather than a biological reality; it derives from contrasts perceived and perpetuated in particular societies/ Identification with, and feeling part of, an entire group, and exclusion from certain groups because of its affiliation. Race and Ethnicity [ch.4]
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“White Public Space”
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A morally significant set of contexts that are the most important sites of the practices of racializing hegemony, in which White are invisibly normal, and in which racialized populations are visibly marginal and the objects of monitoring ranging from individual judgment to official English legislation. (Mock Spanish)
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Battling Samurai
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Offers a way of thinking about Japaneseness and a transnational imaginary
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Persepolis
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a historical, political and quite private account of a clever girl’s growth into maturity. Deals with issues of identity, immigration, development, globalization, and consumption.
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Mainstream/Underground
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belonging to or characteristic of a principal, dominant, or widely accepted group, movement, style, etc/ Not widely recognized or accepted, or a movement or group existing outside the establishment
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Dehumanization
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to deprive of human qualities or attributes; divest of individuality
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Subculture
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A group having ethnic, social, economic, or other characteristics distinctive enough to distinguish it from other within the same culture or society; In this case Chinatown is the subculture within the larger American culture and society.
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Ethnography
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Field work in a particular culture, community, or society. Anthropology and its Applications [ch.1]
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Coyote
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Slang for a person who smuggles Mexican nationals across the border into the U.S. for a fee; a guide or border specialist (Chavez, L.)
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Citizenship
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state of being vested with the rights, privileges, and duties of a citizen. The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of the duties, obligations, and functions of a citizen
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Participant-Observation
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A characteristic ethnographic technique; taking part in the events one is observing, describing and analyzing. Ethics and Methods [ch.2]
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Holistic
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Emphasizing the importance of the whole and the interdependence of its parts
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Kinship
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the state of being a kin or family which can be defined by consanguineous (by blood), affinal relatives (by marriage, like in-laws), or fictive kin (godparents).
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Salvage Anthropology
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the gathering of artifacts. Practiced by the early anthropologists such as Krober. Ishi the last Yahi was subject to this approach, as he was the last of his kind.
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Code-Switching
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the shifting between different patterns of speech and language adapting to a certain situation or social environment like talking with a professor versus talking with your friends.
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Endogamy/ Exogamy
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Marriage between people of the same social group/ mating or marriage outside one’s kin group; a cultural universal; it links people into a wider social network that nurtures, helps, and protects them in times of need.
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Immigration
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To enter and settle in a country or region to which one is not native; Chavez explores the crossing and transition of undocumented immigrants.
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Humanitarianism
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Concern for human welfare, especially as manifested through philanthropy
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initimate economies
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A.) how intimate relations are effected by economics, technologies.
Commodities deliver us cultural context and communications. Talked about text messaging. What you consume and how you consume it is representitive of your inner circle of culture. B.) from lecture, wk. 9 C.) applies to all of the readings of identity, pop culture (week 9). Product red; text messaging (use technology to communicate intimately.). |
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hip-hop samurai
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A.) ways that Japanese rap groups earn respect, battle it out, cling to
their own culture. Samurai as a symbol of toughness and Japanese culture. Artists dress and pose like samurai. Traditionalism of samurai along side modern american image of gangsta. B.)pic on pg. 28 of hip-hop japan, ch. 2 hip hop japan. C.)liminal space onstage for Japanese hip-hop artists, globalization, |
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Dehistoricization
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A. Definition: “For if humanism can only constitute itself on the bodies of dehistoricized, archetypal refugees and other similarly styled victims—if clinical and philanthropic modes of humanitarianism are the only options—then citizenship in this human community itself
remains curiously, indecently, outside of history.” / Dehistoricized people are people who have been wiped out and their history is nonexistent because they have been disregarded, and when regarded, they are lumped together as simply “refugees.” B. Source: Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoriczation (Liisa H. Malkki) C. Significance: struggle of refugees, conflicts get removed from the times and places and we get them confused—all just fall into the “refugee” category. Humanitarianism has risen from this apathy towards refugees. It also leads into Salvage Anthropology. |
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Representation
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A. Definition: representation of races and language in media, so as to
facilitate an understanding of other cultures. B. Source: Circuit of Culture—as related to regulation, identity, production, consumption / Elizabeth Chin’s Ethnically Correct Dolls / Gwenyth Paltrow’s AIDs Advertisement that reads “I am African.” C. Significance: how you represent something will define how sets of people understand it. how things interact. how representation relates to consumerism: how products are represented, what they will make us. identity vs. truth in representation. |
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Power
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A. Definition: The ability to exercise one’s will over others to do
what one wants; the basis of political status (Kottak). B. Source: Cultural Citizenship, Inequity, and Multiculturalism by Renato Rosaldo C. Significance: American citizenship as power…for Mexican immigrants in the above article, for instance. Risking their dignity and lives to cross the border illegally with their families as an attempt to have the same power and citizenship as other naturalized citizens. |
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Appropriation of Suffering
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A. Definition: a way of deciding who the victims are in the hopes of
eliciting a response from those who can and “should” offer help. B. Source: The Appeal of Experience, The Dismay of Images by Kleinman and Kleinman C. Significance: images of victims are commercialized. Experience is being remade, thinned-out, and distorted. An example: Kevin Carter, the baby, and the vulture. Shooed vulture away, sat down, and cried. Relate to dehistoricization in Malkki. |
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Intervention Philosophy
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A. Definition: guiding principal of colonialism, conquest, missionary-
ization, development, and ideological justification for outsiders to guide native peoples in specific directions B. Source: Escobar talks about the development project as a hegemonic ideology and policy of intervention created by the West for the Rest, Ferguson and Brain and De Waal talk about this too. C. Significance: the idea that more developed societies have a responsibility and right to intervene in the culture, society, economy, etc. to help them progress. |
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Second World
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A. Definition: a way of defining a nation based on ethnocentrism
B. Source: Mirror for Humanity by Kottak C. Significance: Our ethnocentrism affects the ways in which we view other countries. Biases. Prejudices. The implications of referring to another nation as “second” or inferior to America. |
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Sense of Place
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A. Definition: how people tie values, meanings, stories, and knowledge
to spatial locations. Culture is situated. B. Source: Wisdom Sits in Places by Basso and Cultural Citizenship, Inequality, and Multiculturalism by Rosaldo C. Significance: knowledge is situated in places. According to Basso Navajo wisdom comes from knowledge of what to do and this knowledge is based in and remembered through specific locations. |
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Freeter
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young people who work in part-time, low income jobs.
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Ritual
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a cultural practice that mediates between enduring cultural
structures and the current situation. |
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"The appeal of experience, the dismay of
images" by Kleinman and Kleinman |
: 1996.
Key Terms: Infotainment, Suffering at a Distance, Burden of Horror, Professional Representation, Subject/Object Dichotomy, Consumption/ appropriation of suffering, disordered capitalism, desensitized viewers, Trauma Stories as Currency, victimization to pathology, aesthetization of child abuse, DALY, morbidity, Discussion: 1. How, if at all, do new tools of measurements such as DALY, increase the divide between the developed and the developing, the human and the humanitarian. 2. The Kleinman’s comment on the desensitization of the public, how does this factor into an attempt to change the way in which photographers display developing nations? Hasn’t the field become obsessed with finding a Sudanese girl that is skinner, in greater danger, or a worse condition? Can photographers make any money if they attempt to take more ethically representative photos? Aren’t they just giving us want we are used to and want to see? Connection: This article takes the issue of the commoditization and representation of suffering internationally, what about domestically? Law and Order: SVU although not non-fiction is undoublty influenced by actual events. There are many other examples of this same shock, awe, and act media domestically, but not as blatant maybe as the vulture photo in the article. Also the aestheitzation of child abuse is increasingly present, just this week an article of a Austrian man who kept his daughter locked in a basement and fathered 4 kids with her; the article didn’t just describe her suffering but was supplemented with detailed photos of the place he was holding her, were these appropriate? Or just appropriations of suffering to gain readership? |
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"Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and
Dehistoricization" by Malkki, L. |
Key Terms: Refugee Status, Voice, Representation, Silencing,
ethnographic authority, camp refugees, town refugees, refugee as social condition as a moral identity, novice refugee, exemplary victims, refugeness. "Humanitarian practices tend to silence refugees" The visual representation of refugees has become a standardized and translatable fact applicable to all refugees. This representation is utilized by the news media, journalists, and aid organizations themselves. Discussion: 1. Aren’t categories need to distributed resources? Isn’t the nature of aid inherently categorical? If so what is wrong with ‘dividing and caring”? 2. Is the reclaiming of the word refugee another example of the using the masters tools to tear down the masters house? |
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"The Invention of Development" by Escobar
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*Escobar A. 1999
Key Terms: Discovery of Mass Poverty, the third world, war on poverty, annual per capita income, modernization, IMF, World Bank, backwardness, roles of experts and authority, abnormalities to be treated and reformed, problemitization of poverty, profesionalization of development. Discussion: What does it mean for development to be limiting? If not characteristically academic or abstract how can development be look at? While the anthropologist in me says modernization may be ethnocentric and all knowing, isn’t there also some truth to the concept, how can you explain for example the lack of technological development in Mongolia without having a conversation about modernization. Connection: Myth of Linear Development. |
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"The Anti Politics Machine: Development and
Bureaucratic power in Lesotho" by Ferguson |
Key Terms: Gross National Product, internationalist intervention,
standardized development packages, Discussion: The concept that Ferguson brings up of the poor being an undifferentiated mass is intresting. Whenever you hear about poverty the first thing that comes to mind is AFRICA! But what about South Africa and even Egypt? This is a problem in that it further establishes, false, differences between the developer and the in need of development. Connection: The ( R) E D campaign by Bono has definitely contributed to an idea of an undifferentiated poor mass. |
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"The Ugly American Revisited" by Brain, James
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Key Terms: agribusiness, bidding contracts, contract staff, project
officers, Discussion: Brain claims that the institutionalization and large organization of aid groups are correlated to their ineffectiveness citing the Dutch and Germans as having small programs but making real effects. While this seems imperically true, how can an organization with such a hefty task be so segmented, what about UNICEF? Should it be segmented by country. It also seems that some of compartimalizaiton he is talking about already happens, what about the multiple region specific development banks? Connection: remicient of unequal exchange, very colonial, profiting not as money but using places almost as an academic playground. |
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"Rescuing the Children in Buddha is Hiding" by Ong, A,
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-Cambodian American families, how to become modern in front of
parents, self-identity of children, change in power relationship between parents and kids, Cambodian parents and want for Buddhism, rebellion, child abuse (physical), parent abuse (psychological), discipline, the assertion of individual independence seemed most effective when the law could be invoked, with the help of teachers, social workers, and the police; new citizens |
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"Straight Outta Mogadishu" by Forman, Murray
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—Prescribed Identities
and Performative Practices among Somali Youth in North American High Schools -“dumping ground” for immigrants, school as a transformative ideological project, Islamic tenets, schools affected by shifting world conditions, reputations of schools, Canada and US, hegemonic— leadership, predominance, belonging > fitting in, immigrant vs. state (hegemonic relations), hip-hop culture, sampling of cultural forms |
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"Shadowed Lives" by Chavez
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Key Terms: assimilation, political borders, belonging, incorporation,
interconnectedness, territorial passage, separation, transition, liminals, betwixt and between, adapting, freedom, security, refuge, discrimination, “aliens”, “illegal,” deporation Summary: Undocumented immigrants go through a lot to cross the Mexico-U.S. Borders. From crossing a river, to crossing hills, the “soccer field,” and highways, undocumented immigrants face the danger of getting robbed, rapped, mistreated by border officials, and even death. They do all of this in order to make a decent living in the United States. Most immigrants thinks about only making enough money and then returning to their country but there are others who attempt to settle in the U.S. No matter if these people intend to stay for a short or long time, they face the possibility of being caught by an INS official and being deported back into Mexico. Sometimes they can try to go to trial in order to be granted residency but those cases are not too easy to win. When trying to look for a lawyer, the good lawyers are very helpful and tell immigrants that if they are caught that they should not sign a voluntary deportation slip. There are times however that some people get lucky and are faced with fake lawyers whose only intention is to take all the money that their clients have. Sometimes the immigrants know that they are being cheated but do not say anything in fear that they will be deported. All that these people want to do is to feel incorporated and safe but with all that they have to do and go through, they normally find their home their one and only safe haven. |
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"Cultural Citizenship, Inequality, and
Multiculturalism" by Rosaldo, R. 1999. |
Key Terms:
Citizen, cultural, equality, discrimination, membership, invasion, recognition, and respossiveness, public vs. private Summary: This excerpt primarily speaks of the cultural citizenship and what it means when someone says citizenship and what it means when someone says cultural. Citizens are normally though as people of a nation who have the same right as others born in that same nation. When Rosaldo goes on to speak about the cultural aspect citizenship he speaks about how the Spanish language is thought of as being something for private use because not everyone speaks it. Then he speaks about how the border has become a very violent place. A place that is not very safe for those who are “invading” America. Then the author goes on to speak about a personal story of his about belonging, multiculturalism, and remembering where we come from and how we got here. |
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"camp refugee" historical narrative
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The collective narrative of "camp refugees" in Brundi represented an overreaching historical trajectory that was fundamentally also a national history of the "rightful natives"
Source: Malkki, L. 1996 Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization |
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merchant refugees
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Refugees who, to the ire of other camp refugees, have started selling item in the market. These seller, according to other camp refugees, shouldn't be making money, because... they are refugees.
*Malkki, L. 1996 Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization |
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refugeness
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Being a refugee means that you much not pursue wealth or commerce, as that would pit refugee against refugee. The ideal refugee, from perspective of camp refugees, was one who focused on the "other world" - the homeland.
*Malkki, L. 1996 Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization |
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"real refugee"
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A construction by aid and refugee workers, the "real refugee" must look the part. Torn clothing, bullet wounds, starvation. A real refugee is not in good health, or at least doesn't look like it
*Malkki, L. 1996 Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization |
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anonymous corporeality
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Refugees become nameless, faceless, lacking distinguishing factors, unique histories, or personality. They are simply a "sea of humanity"
*Malkki, L. 1996 Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization |
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speechlessness
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The practices of many humanitarianism organizations tend to "displacem muffle, and pulverize history in the sense that the Hutu refugees in Mishamo understood history"
*Malkki, L. 1996 Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization |