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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the tendency to judge the beliefs and behaviors of other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture
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ethnocentrism
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the system of meanings about the nature of experience that are shared by a people and passed on from one generation to another
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Culture
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the activities including ritual myth, art, dance, and music that dramatically depict the meanings shared by a specific body of people
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symbolic actions
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the active participation of a researcher or observer to the lives of those being studied
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participant observation
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a style of living characterized by permanent or semi permanent settlements
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sedentary
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a form of cultivation in which water is used to deliver nutrients to growing plants
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irrigation agriculture
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the extempt to terminate a people
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genocide
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emerged as a scientific concept as nineteenth century anthropologists building on folk classifications of people. tried to create ways to classify people according to inherited physical characteristics. as a technical concept it has been largely abandoned, although it remains a socially powerful means of building social hierarchies.
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race
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a view of the self in which the individual cannot be conceived of as existing separately from society or apart from his or her status or role
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holistic
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a form of civilization in which forests are cleared by burning trees and brush and crops are planted among the ashes of the cleared ground
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slash-and-burn or swidden agriculture
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a period of european history generally identified as occurring in the late eighteenth century marked by a shift in production from agriculture to industrial goods, urbanization, and the factory system
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industrial revolution
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a form of society characterized by a hierarchial ranking of people and centralized political control
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state
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what are 5 things culture is
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shared, learned, adaptive, holistic, symbolic (slahs)
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claims are independent of the anthropologists hopes fears desires
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objective
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claims are personal, close up, particular
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subjective
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fieldwork
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long term study of a problem or group of people
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perspective that is scientific oriented, generalizable, outsider perspective
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etic
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native's point of view
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emic
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labor specialization, some people have greater access than others to property and strategic social and economic resources, two strata: elites and commoners, elites accumulate surplus wealth instead of distributing wealth
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stratification
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-lawyer
-classification of kinship systems -cultural evolution (savage, civilized, barbaric) |
Lewis Henry Morgan
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-rejected evolution and diffusion
-promoted cultural relativism -all populations had complete and equally developed culture -historical particularism |
franz boas
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-count the countables
-functionalism -ethnographic realism -need to distinguish between the desciption and analysis |
malinowski
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-conducted research from 1971-82
-concerned with womens productive work and wealth -cycles of exchange -kula nad kitumo shells |
annette weiner
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-feildwork in tokyo, japanese american
-worked on shop floor of a family owned factory -crafting selves -how personhood is constructed |
dorine kondo
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earliest work began in the Boasian tradition of descriptive fieldwork, but his fieldwork experiences in Mozambique in the late 1950s caused him to shift his focus from ideological features of culture towards behavioral aspects. His "Rise of Anthropological Theory" critically examined hundreds of years of social thought with the intent of constructing a viable nomothetic understanding of human culture that he came to call "cultural materialism." Cultural materialism began with Marx's of the human world into categories of superstructure and base.
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marvin harris
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saw technology as driving force of cultural evolution. cultural development varied directly with efficiency of tools
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leslie white
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compared production of sweet potatoes in new guinea with US.
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john bodley
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he suggested that differences in access to wealth and resources creates social stratification
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morton fried
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he examined impact of agricultural policy decisions. hog hotels vs independent farmers
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walter goldschmidt
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who explored the balinese cockfight
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clifford geertz
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who confronted witchcraft in mexico?
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michael kearney
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retail anthropologist that studies shopping habits
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paco underhill
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found that the environment of the Juwasi provided ample readily accessible food
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richard lee
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studied the ndembu who believed illness is caused by ghosts or sorcerers
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vitor turner
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he described a nation as an "imagined political community"
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bennedict anderson
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did a community study of large scale pig production
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laura B delind
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the embarrassed anthropologist
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richard scalgion
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studied wari cannibalism
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beth conklin
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set out to explain why groups abandoned hunting and gathering for agriculture
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mark cohen
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suggests that the control of education is more important that control of armed forces
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ernest gellner
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something verbal or nonverbal that by convention stands for something else
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symbol
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social system in which men occupy positions of social, economic, and political power
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patriarchy
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members of the dead persons matrilineage
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owners
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garden weeded and tended to by women
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general garden
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made by the wife's brother
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yam house
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banana leaf bundles and skirts
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women's wealth
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the wife and the father of the dead person and the other members of their respective matrilineages
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workers
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stone ax blades, kula shell, clay pots
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men's valuables
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made by fathers for their daughters
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yam garden
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relation through marriage
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affine
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to nourish, to consume,
antagonistic type of total prestation |
potlatch
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to nourish, to consume,
antagonistic type of total prestation |
potlatch
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