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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the tendency to judge the beliefs and behaviors of other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture
ethnocentrism
the system of meanings about the nature of experience that are shared by a people and passed on from one generation to another
Culture
the activities including ritual myth, art, dance, and music that dramatically depict the meanings shared by a specific body of people
symbolic actions
the active participation of a researcher or observer to the lives of those being studied
participant observation
a style of living characterized by permanent or semi permanent settlements
sedentary
a form of cultivation in which water is used to deliver nutrients to growing plants
irrigation agriculture
the extempt to terminate a people
genocide
emerged as a scientific concept as nineteenth century anthropologists building on folk classifications of people. tried to create ways to classify people according to inherited physical characteristics. as a technical concept it has been largely abandoned, although it remains a socially powerful means of building social hierarchies.
race
a view of the self in which the individual cannot be conceived of as existing separately from society or apart from his or her status or role
holistic
a form of civilization in which forests are cleared by burning trees and brush and crops are planted among the ashes of the cleared ground
slash-and-burn or swidden agriculture
a period of european history generally identified as occurring in the late eighteenth century marked by a shift in production from agriculture to industrial goods, urbanization, and the factory system
industrial revolution
a form of society characterized by a hierarchial ranking of people and centralized political control
state
what are 5 things culture is
shared, learned, adaptive, holistic, symbolic (slahs)
claims are independent of the anthropologists hopes fears desires
objective
claims are personal, close up, particular
subjective
fieldwork
long term study of a problem or group of people
perspective that is scientific oriented, generalizable, outsider perspective
etic
native's point of view
emic
labor specialization, some people have greater access than others to property and strategic social and economic resources, two strata: elites and commoners, elites accumulate surplus wealth instead of distributing wealth
stratification
-lawyer
-classification of kinship systems
-cultural evolution (savage, civilized, barbaric)
Lewis Henry Morgan
-rejected evolution and diffusion
-promoted cultural relativism
-all populations had complete and equally developed culture
-historical particularism
franz boas
-count the countables
-functionalism
-ethnographic realism
-need to distinguish between the desciption and analysis
malinowski
-conducted research from 1971-82
-concerned with womens productive work and wealth
-cycles of exchange
-kula nad kitumo shells
annette weiner
-feildwork in tokyo, japanese american
-worked on shop floor of a family owned factory
-crafting selves
-how personhood is constructed
dorine kondo
earliest work began in the Boasian tradition of descriptive fieldwork, but his fieldwork experiences in Mozambique in the late 1950s caused him to shift his focus from ideological features of culture towards behavioral aspects. His "Rise of Anthropological Theory" critically examined hundreds of years of social thought with the intent of constructing a viable nomothetic understanding of human culture that he came to call "cultural materialism." Cultural materialism began with Marx's of the human world into categories of superstructure and base.
marvin harris
saw technology as driving force of cultural evolution. cultural development varied directly with efficiency of tools
leslie white
compared production of sweet potatoes in new guinea with US.
john bodley
he suggested that differences in access to wealth and resources creates social stratification
morton fried
he examined impact of agricultural policy decisions. hog hotels vs independent farmers
walter goldschmidt
who explored the balinese cockfight
clifford geertz
who confronted witchcraft in mexico?
michael kearney
retail anthropologist that studies shopping habits
paco underhill
found that the environment of the Juwasi provided ample readily accessible food
richard lee
studied the ndembu who believed illness is caused by ghosts or sorcerers
vitor turner
he described a nation as an "imagined political community"
bennedict anderson
did a community study of large scale pig production
laura B delind
the embarrassed anthropologist
richard scalgion
studied wari cannibalism
beth conklin
set out to explain why groups abandoned hunting and gathering for agriculture
mark cohen
suggests that the control of education is more important that control of armed forces
ernest gellner
something verbal or nonverbal that by convention stands for something else
symbol
social system in which men occupy positions of social, economic, and political power
patriarchy
members of the dead persons matrilineage
owners
garden weeded and tended to by women
general garden
made by the wife's brother
yam house
banana leaf bundles and skirts
women's wealth
the wife and the father of the dead person and the other members of their respective matrilineages
workers
stone ax blades, kula shell, clay pots
men's valuables
made by fathers for their daughters
yam garden
relation through marriage
affine
to nourish, to consume,

antagonistic type of total prestation
potlatch
to nourish, to consume,

antagonistic type of total prestation
potlatch