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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two genera
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•Australopithecus = “Gracile” forms
–Smaller boned skulls –Smaller teeth (especially molars) •Paranthropus = “Robust forms” –Specialized masticatory apparatus –Large molars –Sagittal Crest –“Flaring” Zygomatics –Diet of seeds and nuts |
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Australopithecus anamensis
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3.8 - 4.2 mya
•Kenya •Large molars, smaller canines, thick enamel •U-shaped dental arcade •Mixed habitats |
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Australopithecus afarensis
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•3.0 - 3.9 mya
•East Africa •Different habitats (Woodland, Savannah) •404 cc •Primitive skull •Intermediate dentition (reduced canines, small inner second cusp on first premolar, intermediate shaped arcade) •Fully bipedal •Highly sexually dimorphic (males 1.5 times the size of females) |
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Australopithecus africanus
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•2.2 - 3 mya
•South Africa •442 cc •More derived than A. afarensis •Face is less prognathic •Dental arcade more parabolic •Canines smaller |
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Australopithecus garhi
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•2.5 mya
•Ethiopia •450 cc •Dentition similar to A. africanus •Sagittal crest •Elongated femur |
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Australopithecus habilis/rudolfensis
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•Often assigned to Homo
•1.6 - 2.4 mya •South and East Africa •Average 631 cc •Smaller teeth, parabolic dental arcade •Less prognathism •Reduced sexual dimorphism (if two species) •Oldowan tool culture? |
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Paranthropus aethiopicus
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•2.5 mya
•Northern Kenya •410 cc |
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Paranthropus robustus
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•2 - 1.5 mya
•South Africa •490 cc |
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Paranthropus boisei
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•2.5 - 1 mya
•East Africa •530 cc •“Hyper-robust” |
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Kenyanthropus platyops
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•3.2 - 3.5 mya
•Kenya •Combination of features (small molars, thick enamel, broad and flat face) •Hotly debated reconstruction |
