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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polygamy
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Marriage of 3 or more
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Two types of polygamy
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Sororal Polygyny
Fraternal Polyandry |
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Sororal Polygyny
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Man is married to 2 or more sisters
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Fraternal Polyandry
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Multiple brothers share a common wife.
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Polyandry
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1 woman to 2 or more men
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Polygyny
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Several wives
wife is valued women have informal power |
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Monogamy
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Marriage to a single man to a single woman
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Lineage
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-Unilinear descent group whose members can trace it back WITHOUT and breaks
-All members know everyone is related -# of people in this make up a clan |
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Clan
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Group consisting of related lineages
-CAN'T trace connection back -GAPS |
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Bilateral descent
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-Kindred
-Kindred -> family on both sides |
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Nuer female fathers
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Female has son who marries + later becomes a husband/father.
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Viriavunculocal Residence
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Compromise on male vs. female cooperation
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Duolocal Residence
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alternating between both families
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Ambilocal (Either) Residence
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Newlyweds choose which family to live with - produces MIXED EXTENDED FAMILIES
- choose family life that's more beneficial for them as a couple. |
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Matrilocal (Uxorilocal) Residence
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Female centered extended famlies
- husband lives with wife's family -> produces extended female relationships |
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Patrilocal (Virilocal) Residence
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Male centered extended families
Woman lives with husband's family -produces extended males, related men + their wives -Men have extended social relationships while woman do not. 60% |
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Neolocal Residence
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Live by themselves (without either families).
-produce nuclear families |
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Eidos (religion)
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set of values justified by a set of beliefs.
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Ethos (belief)
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Statement of what is
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Sympathetic Magic
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Based on principle
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Contagious Magic
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Things once in contact
ex. Strand of hair |
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Witch
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Natural power, will things
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Sorcerers
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Learned, potions, spells, craft.
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Prayer
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Verbal practice with gods
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Sacrifice
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Gift giving - non verbal.
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Magic
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Technique - action, supernatural
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Shaman
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Not professional, has a gift, part time, amateur.
Ex. Psychic, Yoda. |
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Priest
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Full time professional, religion specialist
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Monotheistic (WESTERN)
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One God, single-all powerful
ex. Islam, Akhenaten's heresy |
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Polytheistic (EASTERN)
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Multiple gods
-Athena, Zeus Ex. Shinto, Hinduism, Brahma |
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Theism
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Believe in existence of powerful supernatural beings (gods)_
2 Kinds - Polytheistic + Monotheistic |
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Chiefdom
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Kinship based, ranked lineage - chief (authority)
-3,500 |
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State
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Classes, occupation based on classes.
Stratified -35,000,000 |
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Head man
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Leader (35)
Tribal: Egalitarian Influ.: concentrate on wealth Common for horticulture |
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Internal Conformity
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Things in one that conforms as default
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External Conformity
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Things causing you to go away from the norm.
Sanctions (consequences) reaction |
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Informal vs Formal Sanctions
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Informal: NOT structured (song duel)
Formal: Structured, set rewards + punishment |
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Animatism
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Set of beliefs in an impersonal supernatural power
-there is NO "being." Ex. Force in Star Wars |
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Animism
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Believe all things have individual spirits + ancestor worship (Spanish)
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Band Organizations
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-Egalitarian
-Based on influence (fragmented) -Influ. in area of expertise Ex. Hunter gatherer societies |
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Influence
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Ability to get people to do what you want.
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Authority
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Right to enforce decisions for the group.
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Politics - TWO kinds
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1. Authority
2. Influence |
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Indian social system
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Varnas
1. Brahman (priest) 2. Kshatriya (warrior) 3. Vaisha (artisan merchant) 4. Shudra (peasant merchant_) 5. Untouchables Subcastes - Jatis - 1,000 |
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Closed
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Social mobility, not possible
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Open
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Social mobility is possible
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2 Types of Social Systems
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Open & Closed
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Stratified
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Society with social classes
-Wealthy, middle class, poor. |
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Sodality
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Secret society
Ex. Mafia |
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Secondary groups
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Organized, volunteer groups, associations.
Ex. Club |
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Age sets
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Social group based on birth
Ex. Class of 2010 *Ties generations together |
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Complex Marriage Systems
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specify negative marriage rules (who one must NOT marry)
- a lot of room for choice based on preference. |
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Elementary Marriage Structures
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Based on POSITIVE marriage rules that specify whom a person must marry.
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Parallel cousins
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Cousins connected by siblings of the same sex. (Stephen)
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Cross Cousins
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Cousins of opposite sex siblings (John).
*Can never be in the same lineage |
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Exogamy
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Can't marry family - outside your circle
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Endogamy
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Must marry inside circle (ex. religion)
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Lineage
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All members know everyone is related to each other.
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Duolineal
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Belong to 2 lineages at the same time.
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Ambilineal
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Eligible to choose either mother or father's group - 1 person chooses
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Matrilineal (avuncular authority)
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Mother's brother- Uncle- talkes the role of authority figure
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Patrilineal
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Inheriting or determining descent through the male line.
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4 Unilineal
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1. Patrilineal
2. Matrilineal 3. Ambilineal 4. Duolineal |
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Unilineal Descent
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Lineage - clan - phatry - moiety (corporate groups)
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Moiety
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Social group consisting of related phatries (not common)
- always get 2 symbolic opposities |
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Difference between Phatries + Clan
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Common ancestor is too far back
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Phatrie
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Larger unit
social group consisting of related clans |
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Difference between lineage + clan
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Clan has gaps + can't trace back
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