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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phylogeny
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a family tree for a group of organisms sharing a common ancestor
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systematics
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the construction of phylogenies
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taxonomy
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the use of phylogenies in naming and classifying organisms
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analogous traits
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traits similar due to common function
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homologous traits
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traits similar due to common ancestry
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ancestral trait
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trait appearing early in the evolution of a lineage
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derived trait
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traits that are modified from the ancestral condition
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cladistics
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uses derived traits to build phylogenies
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microevolution
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genetic change in a population from one generation to the next
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macroevolution
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the processes through which new species arise
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species
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group of interbreeding organisms reproductively isolated from other such groups
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niche
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the way of life of a species
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rate of speciation
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depends on number of empty niches
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adaptive radiation
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rapid diversification by a small number of species to fill many open niches
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anagenesis
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single species evolving into new species over time; "straight-line" evolution
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cladogenesis
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"branching" evolution; formation of one or more new species from another over time
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gradualism
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macroevolution is a relatively slow and gradual process
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punctuated equilibrium
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long periods of time with little change interspersed with short periods of rapid evolutionary change
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