Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 fields of anthropology
|
-biological(physical) anthro
-archaeology -linguistics -ethnology -applied(practicing) antro |
|
Father of anthropology
|
Franz Boas
|
|
Descriptive linguistics
|
focus of linguistics on how contemporary languages differ, esp. in their construction
|
|
applied anthro
|
when basic research made by an anthropologist is used to achieve practical goals
|
|
culture
|
the total way of life of any society; the set of learned behaviors of ideas
|
|
ethnocentrism
|
the attitude that other societies' customs and ideas can be judged in the context of one's own culture
|
|
cultural evolution
|
multiple theories from different theorists- Tylor, Darwin, and Morgan; some believe there were steps of progressions humans passed through
|
|
cultural relativism
|
the attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be viewed within the context of that society's problems and opportunities
|
|
2 types of cultural constraints
|
-direct
-indirect |
|
Theory
|
explanation of laws and statistical associations
|
|
cultural ecology
|
the analysis of the relationship between a culture and its environment
|
|
Tsembaga
|
example of cultural ecology; live within New Guinea; they mainly eat root crops, but raise pigs to consume garbage and prepare soil, overpopulation of pigs leads to ritual pigs feasts which leads to less conflict
|
|
political economy
|
the study of how external forces, particularly powerful state societies, explain the way a society changes and adapts
|
|
Clifford Geertz
|
popularized the idea that a culture is like a literary text that can be analyzed for meaning, as the ethnographer interprets it
|
|
2 kinds of explanations
|
-associations
-theories |
|
falsification
|
a method that shows that a theory seems to be wrong
|
|
Methods cultural anthropologists use:
|
-ethnography
-within-culture comparisons -regional controlled comparisons -cross-cultural research -historical research |
|
ethnography
|
a description and analysis of a single society an anthropologist does after doing fieldwork
|
|
participant observation
|
living among the people being studied-observed, questioning, and (when possible) taking part in the important events of the group
|
|
informant
|
knowledgeable people who work with anthropologists while in the participant observation process
|
|
regional controlled comparison
|
when an anthropologist compares ethnographic info obtained from societies found in a particular region
|
|
within- culture comparison
|
when a theory is tested within one society and they compare individuals, families, households, communities, and districts
|
|
Forms of non-verbal human communication
|
-facial expression
-body stance -gesture -systems of signs and symbols -silence |
|
3 types of non-human communication
|
-sound
-odor -body movement |
|
Difference open and closed systems:
|
Open-used amongst humans, complex sound rules, sounds can be combined to make infinite meanings
Closed systems- different sounds are not combined to produce new, meaningful utterances |
|
phonology
|
when slightly varying sounds are often used interchangeably in words without creating a difference in meaning
|
|
morphology
|
the study of sequences of sounds that have meaning
|
|
phoneme
|
a sound or set of sounds that makes a difference in meaning in that language
|
|
syntax
|
the rules that predict how phrases and sentences are generally formed
|
|
morph
|
the smallest unit of language that has a meaning
|
|
Linguistic divergence occurs when:
|
groups of ppl speaking the same language lose communication with one another b/c they become separated, either physically or socially and they begin to accumulate small changes in phonology, morphology, and syntax
|
|
code switching
|
using more than one language in the course of conversing
|
|
Some characteristics of food-getting
|
-gathering
-hunting -scavenging -fishing |
|
Food production
|
the form of subsistence technology in which food-getting is dependent on the cultivation & domestication of plants & animals
|
|
3 types of food production systems
|
-horticulture
-intensive agriculture -pastoralism |
|
What type of food production does wet rice cultivation display?
|
Located in Khanh Hau; commercialization is the theory of development of food production
|
|
Commercialization
|
the increasing dependence on buying and selling with money usually as the medium of exchange
|
|
Basseri
|
a tribe of 16,000 nomads who lived in tents; they herded different animals and live in a pastoral system migrating within the territory they live in
|
|
Diffusion
|
the process by which cultural elements are borrowed from another society and incorporated into the culture of the recipient group
|
|
neoevolution
|
belief that cultural evolution is determined strictly by conditions inside the culture
|
|
post-modernism
|
rejects modernism; questions the whole enterprise of ethnography
|
|
role of women
|
rarely included until 1960's; studies of women in culture, believe anthropology is another tool used by dominant powers to dehumanize others
|