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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anthropology
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The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors.
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holistic
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Encompassing past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture.
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culture
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Traditions and customs transmitted through learning.
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general anthropology
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Anthropology as a whole: cultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology.
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biocultural
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Combining biological and cultural approaches to a given problem.
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cultural anthropology
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The comparative, cross-cultural, study of human society and culture.
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Ethnography
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Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting.
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archaeological anthropology
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The study of human behavior through material remains.
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ethnology
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The study of sociocultural differences and similarities.
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biological/physical anthropology
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The study of human biological variation in time and space.
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linguistic anthropology
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The study of language and linguistic diversity in time, space, and society.
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sociolinguistics
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The study of language in society.
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science
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Field of study that seeks reliable explanations, with reference to the material and physical world.
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applied anthropology
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Using anthropology to solve contemporary problems.
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theory
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A set of ideas formulated to explain something.
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association
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An observed relationship between two or more variables.
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cultural resource management
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Deciding what needs saving when entire archaeological sites cannot be saved.
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hypothesis
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A suggested but as yet unverified explanation.
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enculturation
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the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations
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symbol
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something, verbal or nonverbal, that stands for something else
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core values
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key, basic, or central values that integrate a culture
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hominid
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member of hominid family; any fossil or living human, chimp, or gorilla
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hominins
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hominids excluding the African apes; all the human species that ever have existed
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universal
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something that exists in every culture
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generality
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culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all societies
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particularity
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distinctive or unique culture trait, pattern, or integration
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subcultures
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different cultural traditions associated with subgroups in the same nation
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national culture
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cultural features shared by citizens of the same nation
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international culture
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cultural traditions that extend beyond national boundaries
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ethnocentrism
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judging other cultures using one's own cultural standards
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human rights
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rights based on justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions
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cultural rights
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rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
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cultural relativism
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idea that to know another culture requires full understanding of its members' beliefs and motivations
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IPR
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intellectual property rights; an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications
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diffusion
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borrowing of cultural traits between societies
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acculturation
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an exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact
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independent invention
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the independent development of a cultural feature in different societies
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globalization
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the accelerating interdependence in the world system today
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development anthropology
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field that examines the sociocultural dimensions of economic development
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equity, increased
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reduction in absolute poverty, with a more even distribution of wealth
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overinnovation
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trying to achieve too much change
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underdifferentiation
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seeing less-developed countries as all the same; ignoring cultural diversity
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anthropology and education
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studies of students in the context of their family, peers, and enculturation
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urban anthropology
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anthropological study of cities and urban life
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medical anthropology
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the comparative, biocultural study of disease, health problems, and health-care systems
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disease
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a scientifically identified health threat caused by a known pathogen
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illness
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a condition of poor health perceived or felt by an individual
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health-care systems
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beliefs, customs, and specialists concerned with preventing and curing illness
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curer
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one who diagnoses and treats illness
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scientific medicine
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a health-care system based on scientific knowledge and procedures
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paleoanthropology
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study of hominid, hominin, and human life through fossil record
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informed consent
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agreement to take part in research, after being fully informed about it
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paleontology
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study of ancient life through the fossil record
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palynology
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study of ancient plants and environments through pollen samples
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remote sensing
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use of aerial photos and satellite images to locate sites on the ground
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anthropometry
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measurement of human body parts and dimensions
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bone biology
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study of bone as a biological tissue
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paleopathology
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study of disease and injury in skeletons from archaeological sites
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molecular anthropology
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DNA comparisons used to determine evolutionary links and distances
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fossils
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remains of ancient life
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systematic survey
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study of settlement patterns over a large area
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excavation
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digging through layers at a site
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taphonomy
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study of processes affecting remains of dead animals
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absolute dating
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establishing dates in numbers or ranges of numbers
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relative dating
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establishing a time frame in relation to other strata or materials
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stratigraphy
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study of earth sediments deposited in demarcated layers (strata)
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dendrochronology
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tree-ring dating; a form of absolute dating
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