Anthropology 2 Chapter 12 Santa Monica College

Front 1

Power

Back 1

The ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things even against their own wants or wishes.

Front 2

Political Organization

Back 2

The way power is accumulated, arranged, executed, and structurally distributed and embedded in society; the means through which a society creates and maintains social order.

Front 3

Band

Back 3

A relatively small and loosely organized kin-ordered group that inhabits a common territory and that may split periodically into smaller extended family groups that are politically and economically independent.

Front 4

Tribe

Back 4

Refers to a range of kin-ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor and whose members share a common ancestry, identity, culture, language, and territory.

Front 5

Chiefdom

Back 5

A regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under a single chief, who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people.

Front 6

State

Back 6

A political institution established to manage and defend a complex, socially stratified society occupying a defined territory.

Front 7

Nation

Back 7

A people who share a collective identity based on a common culture, language, territorial base, and history.

Front 8

Legitimacy

Back 8

The right of political leaders to govern – to hold, use and allocate power, on the socially accepted customs, rules, or laws that bind and hold a people together as a collective whole.

Front 9

Cultural Control

Back 9

Control though beliefs and values deeply internalized in the minds of individuals.

Front 10

Social Control

Back 10

External control though open coercion.

Front 11

Sanction

Back 11

An externalized social control designed to encourage conformity to social norms.

Front 12

Law

Back 12

Formal rules of conduct that, when violated, effectuate negative sanctions.

Front 13

Negotiation

Back 13

The use of direct argument and compromise by the parties to a dispute to arrive voluntarily at a mutually satisfactory agreement.

Front 14

Mediation

Back 14

Settlement of a dispute through negotiation assisted by an unbiased third party.

Front 15

Adjudication

Back 15

Mediation with an unbiased third party making the ultimate decision.

Front 16

Genocide

Back 16

The physical extermination of one people by another, either as a deliberate act or as the accidental outcome of activities carried out by one people with little regard for their impact on others.