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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Culture |
tools we use to survive; Knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society |
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Subculture |
within a big culture/something setting a person apart from the bigger culture. |
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Enculturation |
learning/aquiring to be part of a culture by living in it |
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Adaptive(3) |
what we do in order to survive culture allows us to survive |
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Maladaptive |
"bad"/not adaptive |
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Real culture |
what people actually do |
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Ideal culture |
what people say they "should" do or what is "ideal" ex. go to church, don't do drugs |
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Core Values |
the key basic, central values of a culture that give it distinguishing characteristics to distinguish it from others |
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Norms |
Ideas the members of the cultures share about the way things should be done. cultural norm- something expected everyday |
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Values |
shared ideas about what is true, right and beautiful |
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Diffusion |
Movement of cultural traits from one culture to another |
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Innovation |
-variation of existing cultural pattern that is accepted or learned by members of society -adding something new to something that already exists |
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Invention |
-combination of existing cultural elements into something all together -new and never done before |
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cultural relativism |
the notion that peoples customs/values must be understood in terms of their own culture |
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Ethnocentric |
thinking your culture is better than others |
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Humans (4) |
the top primates, most adaptive animals, live in societies and have a language |
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Holistic |
covers everything human, whole different (past, future, present, language, ect.) in human life |
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Society |
Group of individuals that depend on each other for survival |
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Ethnography |
-the study of a group (ethnicity) of people, based on field work -what you come up with |
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Ethnology |
-writing about ethnography without traveling to that place -simply based off the ethnography |
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Linguistic Anthropology (3) |
-Ethno linguistics: study of interrelationship between language and culture -Historical linguistics: study languages as if they are humans -Sociolinguistics: the study of language in society |
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Archeology |
describes and interprets human behavior and cultural harms through material means |
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Artifacts |
something manufactured/modified by man ex.tree branch->break it->sharpen it |
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Ecology |
study of an interrelationship among living things in an environment |
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Ecosystem |
consists of the organism and environment all together |
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Biological/physical anthropology |
counts for some of our physical differences. resulting from our genetic makeup and the environment ex.sun, moisture, disease |
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Human Variation |
a branch of physical anthro where physiological differences among motive humans |
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Osteology |
study of bones to trace our ancestry back to early hominance |
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Hominid |
members of zoological family including humans |
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Primates |
Monkeys, chimps, baboons |
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Primatology |
the study of all other primates EXCEPT humans |
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Racism |
content for other people who have physical culturalistics different from your own |
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Genotype |
the hereditary features that control an individuals form (A&P)
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Phenotype |
The product of interruption between the genotype and the environment (physiology, behavior, physical traits) |
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Adaptive Strategies |
the ways people adapt to the environment by transforming the energy to form shelter and water |
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Pastoralism |
domestication of herd animals |
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Fallow |
letting land rest for a few years so it replenishes with soil and nutrients |
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Agriculture |
intensive cultivation. done over and over again, maintaing and fertilization |
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Irrigation |
The watering done in order to be ready for agriculture |
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Terracing |
carving terracing on the side of a mountain used for farming |
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The Green Revolution |
Genetically manipulating plants. HYV- high, yate, variety |
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Economic System |
production, distribution, and consumption |
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Economics |
the choices people make combine to determine how the society uses scarce resources to produce and distribute goods and services |
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Economy |
production and provision(distribution) |
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Economizing Behavior |
the rational actor model |
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Scarcity |
. |
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Prestige |
social honor or socially respected |
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Foraging |
(Hunter and gathering) everyone had equal access to the environment. Corporate ownership |
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Hunter and gathering |
work of the enviornment |
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Pastoralism |
(depends on domesticated animals and access to grazing land and water) access of land more important than ownership of land |
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Horticulture |
depends on land and domesticated plants |
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Agriculture(intensive cultivation) |
land -> food -> childrem |
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Gift Economy (4) |
a gift is a transfer(usually without $) between equals and unequals -Subsistence Fund -Replacement Fund -Social Fund -Ceremonial Fund |
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Commodity Economy |
object bought with $ and sold to get $ -Rent Fund |
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Production |
the aggregate of raw materials, goods, and service generated and response to demand |
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Market/Market principle |
found in the western world |
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Redistribution |
chiefdoms |
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Reciprocity |
found in bands/ hunter gather -Generalized Reciprocity A B 0 1 -Balanced Reciprocity A B 1 1 -Negative Reciprocity A B 1 0 |
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Redistribution |
giving back what he/she has gotten |
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Leveling Mechanisms |
bringing the "have nots" to the same level as "haves" (donating) distribution of wealth |
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Market |
organization of producing and distributing the goods and services; it is a principle of exchange |
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Money(functions) |
-means of exchange -standard of value -means of payment |
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Types of Money |
General Purpose Money- U.S. Dollar Special Purpose Money- bonds, food stamps, gold |
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Triadad |
Men grow for their sisters, beneficiary the wife's husband (your brother in-law) |
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Pillage |
strip an area of $, goods, raw materials through the act or threat of violence |
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Peonage |
the practice of holding a person in bondage of partial slavery in order for them to work off a debt or work off a prison sentence |
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Vassalage |
a condition of heredity bondage in which the use of land is granted in return for payment, homage, and military service or its equivalent. |
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Colonialism |
the active position of a foreign territory and the mentalness of political domination over territory |
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Corvee Labor |
unpaid labor required by a governing authority (building roads) |
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Acculturation |
the cultural changes when one or both groups are in contact with each other over a long period of time |
