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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Name 4 fields of anthropology |
Linguistic Biology Culture Archeology |
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List 5 subfields of physical anthropology |
Paleo anthropology Primateology Human osteology Paleo pathology Forensic anthropology |
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Steps for scientific method |
A question Research Formation of hypothesis Materials/method Experimentation/research |
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What is theory |
An experimentation of natural phenomena based on experimental evidence. Not ever entirely complete but, not untrue. |
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What was biological science like before evolutionary theory? |
Ancient Greeks believed the world was static and unchanging. Almost all western people were creationists meaning the believed god made the world in present form with little to no change. Science was limited to description and categorization. |
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What is natural selection? |
Natural selection is the gradual process by which heritable biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. It is a key mechanism of evolution. Those who are better fit to their environment are more likely to reproduce successfully. they have higher fitness. For natural selection to take place there must be variation, variation must affect survival or reproduction and heridity. |
Darwin finches and beak size |
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Define species. |
A group of organisms that can, and do interbreed. |
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Define genus. |
A group of similar species, often sharing certain common forms of adaptation. |
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Define last common ancestor. |
A species 2 (or more) species have decended from. (Ex. Chimps and humans have a LCA.) LCA is a member of neither species. |
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Define morphology |
Form and structure of an organism. |
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What is evolution? |
A change in living organisms over time. - can be biological or evolutionary change, but here it means genetics of a population. - not limited to large evolutionary steps - in fact, a small change in the frequency of a gene is evolution |
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What is uniformitarianism |
The idea that geological processes that take place today operated in the same way in the past. |
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What is DNA? |
- deoxyribonucleic acid - All the information needed to rebuild and maintain the body. Structure of DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953. |
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How does DNA replication work? |
A complex procedure that involves several different types of enzymes. Cells divide and split up their organelles. |
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What are some of the important components of the cell? |
Cytoplasm Organelles Ribosome Mitochondria (power house of the cell, produce energy, has its own set of DNA) |
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Differentiate between the two types of cell division. |
Mitosis creates 2 exact identical copies of the original cell. Meiosis creates 4 cells, each with a reduced chromosome number. |
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What are a few ways 2 populations can be reproductivly isolated? |
Mate preferences Infertility of hybrid mates Reduced fitness of hybrids Geographic isolation |
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What is convergent evolution? |
Similar traits arising in distantly related species. In other words, two "unrelated" species can have similar morphological traits. |
Traits that serve the same function but do not share common ancestry are referred to analogus, or homoplasy. |
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Evolutionary traits |
Ancestral - a trait that exists in an organism that also existed in its common ancestor referred to as ancestral. (Ex. Hair in mamals)
Derived - derived traits are the opposite of ancestral traits. Derived traits are those that exist in an organism, but not exist in the relevant common ancestor. (Ex. Bipedalism in humans) |
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Parallel evolution |
Two species share a "recent" common ancestor. Different species of birds can still evolve their wings, but they were inherited from a common ancestor. |
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Divergent evolution |
"Opposite" of convergent evolution. Differences between populations of the same species accumulate. Often leads to formation of new species. |
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Somatic cells |
These types of cells make up the body. Bones, muscles, skin, nervous tissue, organs. |
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Gametes |
Sex cells Sperm cells Eggs |
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PHENOTYPE VS. GENOTYPE |
Genotype is information in genes. Phenotype is the physical expression of genes. This means that genotype tells you what the phenotype will be Information about the phenotype gives only a little information about genotype. |
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Evolutionary forces |
Selection Genetic drift Gene flow Mutation |
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