Anthropolgy Exam 3

Front 1

reciprocity

Back 1

governs exchange between social equals;
one of three principles of exchange;
major exchange mode in band and tribal societies.

Front 2

Balanced Reciprocity

Back 2

exchanges between people who are more distantly related than are members of the same band or household.

Front 3

generalized reciprocity

Back 3

exchanges among closely related individuals
*personal gifts

Front 4

Negative Reciprocity

Back 4

potentially hostile exchanges among strangers
*stealing horses

Front 5

Economizing

Back 5

allocation of scarce means among alternative ends to maximize profits

Front 6

Economy

Back 6

system of resource production,distibution, and consumption

Front 7

Market Principle

Back 7

buying, selling, and valuation based on supply and demand.

Front 8

means of production

Back 8

major productive resource
*land, labor, tech, capital

Front 9

mode of production

Back 9

specific set of social relations that organises labor

Front 10

Peasant

Back 10

small scale farmer with rent fund obligations

Front 11

Reciprocity Continuum

Back 11

change from generalized to negative

Front 12

Redistribution

Back 12

flow of goods into center(power), then back out(common).
characteristic of chiefdoms.

Front 13

The World System

Back 13

idea that a discernible social system, based on wealth and power differentials, transcends individual countries

Front 14

Capitalist World Economy

Back 14

profit oriented global economy based on production for sale

Front 15

Bourgeoisie

Back 15

owners of the means of production

Front 16

capital

Back 16

wealth invested with the intent of producing profit

Front 17

Colonialism

Back 17

long-term foreign control of a territory and its people

Front 18

Communism

Back 18

political movement aimed at replacing capitalism with soviet style communism

Front 19

communism

Back 19

property owned by the community;
people working for the common good

Front 20

Core

Back 20

dominant position in the world system; nations with advanced systems of production

Front 21

Imperialism

Back 21

policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and people.

Front 22

Indigenous Peoples

Back 22

original inhabitants of particular areas

Front 23

Industrial Revolution

Back 23

socioeconomic transformation through industrialization
(traditional to modern)

Front 24

Intervention Philosophy

Back 24

ideological justification for outsides to guide or rule native peoples

Front 25

Neoliberalism

Back 25

governments shouldnt regulate private enterprise; free market forces should rule

Front 26

Periphery

Back 26

weakest structural and economic position in the world system

Front 27

semiperiphery

Back 27

position in the world system intermediate between core and periphery

Front 28

Postcolonial

Back 28

relations between european nations and areas they colonized and once ruled

Front 29

proletariat

Back 29

*working class
made up of people who had to sell their labor to survive

Front 30

webers three dimensions of power

Back 30

-wealth
-power
-prestige

Front 31

Domestic-Public Dichotomy

Back 31

work at home versus more valued work outside

Front 32

extra domestic

Back 32

outside the home;public

Front 33

Gender Roles

Back 33

the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex

Front 34

gender stereotypes

Back 34

oversimplified, strongly held views about males and females.

Front 35

gender stratification

Back 35

unequal distribution of social resources between men and women

Front 36

matrilocality

Back 36

married couple resides in wife's community

Front 37

patrilocality

Back 37

married couples resides in husbands community

Front 38

matrilineal descent

Back 38

descent traced through women only

Front 39

patrilineal descent

Back 39

descent traced through men only

Front 40

matrifocal

Back 40

mother-centered;
household with no resident husband/father

Front 41

Patrilineal-Patrilocal Complex

Back 41

male supremacy based on patrilineality, patrilocality, and warfare.

Front 42

sexual orientation

Back 42

sexual attraction to persons of the male, female, or both sexes

Front 43

Senual Dimorphism

Back 43

marked differences in male and female biology besides the contrasts in breasts and genitals

Front 44

family of orientation

Back 44

nuclear family in which one is born and grows up

Front 45

Family of Procreation

Back 45

nuclear family established when one marries and has children

Front 46

Descent Group

Back 46

group based on belief in shared ancestry

Front 47

Neolocality

Back 47

couple establishes new residence
"home of their own"

Front 48

Extended Family Household

Back 48

household with three or more generations

Front 49

Unilineal Descent

Back 49

matrineal or patrilineal descent

Front 50

Lineage

Back 50

unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent
*trace link from jesus
i.e. we all came from jesus

Front 51

Clan

Back 51

unilineal descent group based on stipulated descent
*dont trace link to jesus

Front 52

Ambilineal

Back 52

flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal nor matrilineal

Front 53

Kinship Calculation

Back 53

how people in a particular society figure out kin relations

Front 54

Ego

Back 54

position from which one views the egocentric genalogy or their kinship

Front 55

Functional Explanation

Back 55

one based on correlation or co-occurrence of social variables

Front 56

Lineal Kinship Terminology

Back 56

four parental kin terms; m, f, fb=mb, and mz=fz

Front 57

Lineal Relative

Back 57

ego's(one's) direct ancestors and descendants

Front 58

Bifurcate Merging Kinship Terminology

Back 58

four parental kin terms; m=mz; f=fb; mb and fz each stands alone

Front 59

Bifurcate Collateral Kinship Terminology

Back 59

six separate parental kin terms: m, f,mb,mz,fb, and fz

Front 60

Generational Kinship Terminology

Back 60

just two parental kin terms: m=mz=fz and f=fb=mb

Front 61

Affinals

Back 61

relatives by marriage(in-laws)

Front 62

Collateral Relative

Back 62

relative outside ego's(one's) direct line
*b,z,fb,mz

Front 63

Fictive Kin

Back 63

personal relationships modeled on kinship
*godparents and god children