Anthrop Exam 3

Front 1

gender

Back 1

sex roles...the rights and duties individuals have because of their perceived identities as males, females, or another gender category

Front 2

nationality

Back 2

an ethnic group that claims a right to a discrete homeland and to political autonomy and self-determination

Front 3

sexual division of labor

Back 3

the kinds of productive activities (tasks) that are assigned to women versus men in a culture

Front 4

subnationality

Back 4

a dependent subgroup within a larger nationality that lacks the concept of separate homeland and makes no claim to any inherent right to political autonomy and self-determination

Front 5

ethnic homogenization

Back 5

the attempt to create a single ethnic group in a particular geographical region

Front 6

genocide

Back 6

the deliberate attempt to eliminate the members of an ethnic category or cultural tradition

Front 7

gender stratification

Back 7

the degree to which males and females are unequal in dimensions such as status, power or influence, access to valued resources, eligibility for social positions, and ability to make decisions about their own lives

Front 8

forced assimilation

Back 8

the social absorption of one ethnic group by another ethnic group through the use of force

Front 9

passive assimilation

Back 9

the voluntary social absorption of one ethnic group by another ethnic group

Front 10

segregation

Back 10

the enforced separation of ethnic groups, in which the dominant ethnic group places legal restrictions on the actions of the members of another group

Front 11

inequality

Back 11

degree to which individuals, groups and categories differ in their access to rewards

Front 12

animism

Back 12

belief in spiritual beings

Front 13

caste

Back 13

stratification system in which membership in a stratum is in theory hereditary, strata are endogamous, and contact or relationships among members of different strata are governed by explicit laws, norms, or prohibitions

Front 14

class

Back 14

system of stratification in which membership in a stratum can theoretically be altered and intermarriage between strata is allowed

Front 15

ideology

Back 15

ideas and beliefs that legitimize and reinforce inequalities in stratified societies

Front 16

ritual

Back 16

organized, stereotyped, symbolic behaviors intended to influences supernatural powers

Front 17

shaman (medicine man)

Back 17

part-time religious specialist who uses his special relationship to supernatural powers for curing members of his group and harming members of other groups

Front 18

ethnic group

Back 18

a named social group based on perceptions of shared ancestry, cultural traditions, and common history that culturally distinguish that group from other groups

Front 19

globalization

Back 19

the process of integrating the world's peoples economically, socially, politically, and culturally into a single world system or community

Front 20

global economy

Back 20

the buying and selling of goods and services in an integrated global market

Front 21

origin myth

Back 21

the collective history of an ethnic group that defines which subgroups are part of it and its relationship to other ethnic groups

Front 22

ethnic boundary markers

Back 22

any overt characteristics that can be used to indicate ethnic group membership

Front 23

Hirjas

Back 23

variation in gender roles--neither masculine or feminine, they are born as men but dress as women, perform at life cycle ceremonies: sing and dance, powers of fertility goddess
religious cult--ritual castrations and dress as women

Front 24

Berdache

Back 24

male children who display feminine characteristics
believe that the Great Spirit has sent this child to them as a go between for m/f
woman's clothes, woman's work, woman's social behavior

Front 25

manly hearted women

Back 25

Northern Plains Indians
women with some male behaviors, aggressive and domineering, wives & mothers, medicine women, desirable as wives, control property

Front 26

women chiefs

Back 26

unusual, women assumed role of chief
shows that not made to conform rigidly to certain roles

Front 27

functional theory of inequality

Back 27

theory holding that stratification is a way to reward individuals who contribute most to society's well-being

Front 28

conflict theory of inequality

Back 28

theory holding that stratification benefits mainly the upper stratum and is the cause of most social unrest and other conflicts in human societies

Front 29

dogma

Back 29

a tenet put forth by an authoritative body (church)

Front 30

orthodox

Back 30

conforming to an established doctrine

Front 31

monotheism

Back 31

belief in one god

Front 32

polytheism

Back 32

belief in many gods

Front 33

Fried's Classification of Inequality
Egalitarian

Back 33

rough equality across families in access to possessions and wealth objects
wide access to and sharing of productive resources
influence and prestige based on age and personal qualities and achievements

Front 34

Fried's Classification of Inequality
Ranked

Back 34

limited number of formal social roles or positions (offices, titles) that grant authority
access to prestigious titles and offices determined largely by hereditary family/kinship ties
rights to resources allocated by those of higher rank

Front 35

Fried's Classification of Inequality
Stratified

Back 35

sharply unequal distribution of wealth and resources
large inequalities in access to power and social rewards

Front 36

social stratum

Back 36

consists of families who have about the same access to rewards