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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Davidson Black
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Studied Homo erectus in China, found molar tooth with wrinkled enamel
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Franz Weidenreich
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He studied Homo erectus in China. He and Koeningswald suggested that all should be in one genus: Pithecanthropus
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Eugene Dubois
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He studied Homo erectus in Java and named it Pithecanthropus erectus (erect ape-man)
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Ernst Haeckel
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He named Pithecanthropus alalus (ape-man without speech)
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G.H.R von Koeningswald
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He studied Homo erectus at Java
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Sites for Homo erectus
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Daka, Ternifine, Swartkrans, Trinil, Sangiran, Zhoukoudian Cave (Lower), Yunxian, Hexian, Dmanisi, Ceprano, Modjokerto
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Ternifine
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homo erectus in Africa, at .7 mya
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Swartkrans
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homo erectus in Africa, at 1.7-.8 mya
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Trinil
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Dubois did reseach there and found a skull cap & later a femur for homo erectus. It's in Java from 750-500 thousand.
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Sangiran
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Java site for homo erectus, 700-500 thousand. It's one of the only skulls that has a face.
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Zhoukoudian Cave (Lower)
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Chinese site for Homo erectus, 500-300 thousand.
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Yunxian
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Chinese site for Homo erectus, at 350 thousand.
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Hexian
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Chinese site for Homo erectus, at 300 thousand.
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Dmanisi
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European (Georgia) site for Homo erectus, at 1.8-1.0 mya.
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Ceprano
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European (Italy) site for Homo erectus, at 800 thousand.
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Daka
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At 1 million, another link in the chain. It links Asian homo erectus to Africa. Homo erectus appeared in Africa, but is changing over time. Very similar to Asian homo erectus material.
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Nariokotome III
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This fossil is a complete skeleton of a Homo erectus juvenile (probably around 10) from Africa. The unusual thing is that it was 5'4," but his etaphyses weren't closed. (He could grow to be 6') It's from around 1.5 mya.
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E. Mayr & Le Gros Clark
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In the 1950's, they suggest moving all the Java/China finds to genus Homo.
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During the 1960's
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Everything was moved to Homo erectus (Pithecanthropus=Java, Sinathropus=China)
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OH 9
(Olduvai Homminid 9) |
It links all African homo erectus to all Asian homo erectus. Classic homo erectus: from Java & China. African stuff is on the verge of not being homo erectus, it's a million years older than China. It has a platycephalic head (low & flat). Everything after that has a platycephalic head, till around 300,000. After African one leaves, it spreads everywhere. It's from around 1.2 mya.
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Modjokerto
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Site for Homo erectus, has only baby known. It's been re-dated to 1.7 mya based on argon, but it's unknown where the skull comes from, only thing found in Modjokerto. Somebody got it and took it to the museum, it's dated on the assumption that the dirt that filled it was the same date as the skull itself. This date allows people to put ancestor in China/Europe with illegitimate evidence, creates problems.
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KNM-ER 1813
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This is a fossil of Homo habilis that has small teeth and a small brain. It has the teeth/face of homo, but the brain of an Australopithecus. It came from the same time & place as 1470.
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KNM-ER 1470
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This is a specimen of Homo habilis that has a big brain and big teeth. It has very Austrelopithecus-like features.
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OH-13
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It’s the type specimen for Homo habilis.
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OH-24
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It’s a complete Homo habilis cranium, a little squashed.
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STW-53
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This is the skull of Homo habilis from Sterkfontein (South African variant).
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OH-62
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This Homo habilis fossil was found by Johansen and White. It’s a partial skeleton with long arms & short legs, & is approximately 3.3 ft tall.
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Bodo
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Bodo is an advanced Homo erectus from around 450 thousand in Africa. It has a much larger brain, but it's head is still pretty big. It has marks on its head with cuts along the cheekbones and eyes. It was clearly de-fleshed. It could have been cannibalistic or maybe they de-fleshed his face and cleaned his bones as part of a ritualistic behavior.
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Broken Hill
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This site in Africa had advanced homo erectus at either 300 thousand or 130 thousand.
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Ngandong
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This site had a very advanced form of homo erectus. It's from 300 thousand in Java. There is clearly a local evolution there, towards a more homo sapiens like form. They have larger brains.
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Dali
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This location in China had an advanced form of homo erectus at 200 thousand.
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Mauer
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The Mauer jaw was found in Germany, and originally called Homo Heidelbergensis. They're still not sure what it is. It's dated at 500 thousand and is a Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapien.
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Petralona
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This site is at 400 thousand in Europe and has Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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Arago
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It's at 350 thousand in Europe and has Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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Swanscombe
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It's at 325 in Europe and has Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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Steinheim
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It's at 325 in Europe and has Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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Ehringsdorf
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It's before 130 thousand. The site is in Europe and has Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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Montmaurin
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It's before 130 thousand. The site is in Europe and has Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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Atapuerca
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This site has Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo Sapiens in Europe at 200.
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List sites for Advanced Homo erectus
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Broken Hill, Ngandong, and Dali
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List sites for Pre-Neanderthal Archaic Homo Sapiens
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Mauer, Petralona, Arago, Swanscombe, Steinheim, Ehringsdorf, Montmaurin, Atapuerca
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List sites for Neanderthals (Archaic Homo sapiens), also called Homo neanderthalensis
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Tabun, Amud, Shanidar, Kebara, La Chappele-aux-Saints, La Ferrassie, Saccopastore, St. Cesaire
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Tabun
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Site for Neanderthals at 60,000 in the Middle East.
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Amud
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Site for Neanderthals
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Shanidar
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Site for Neanderthals
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Kebara
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Site for Neanderthals at 60,000 in the Middle East.
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La Chapelle-aux-Saints
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Site for Neanderthals at 60,000 in Europe.
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La Ferrassie
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Site for Neanderthals at 73,000 in Europe.
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Saccopastore
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Site for Neanderthals in Europe at 130 thousand.
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St. Cesaire
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Site for Neanderthals at 35,000 in Europe.
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Sites for Non-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens
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Jebel Irhoud, Florisbad, Maba
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Jebel Irhoud
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Site in Africa at 100 thousand for Non-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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Florisbad
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Site in Africa at 130 thousand for Non-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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Maba
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Site in China at 130 thousand for Non-Neanderthal Archaic Homo sapiens.
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List the fossils for Homo habilis.
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OH-62, OH-13, OH-24, STW-53, KNM-ER-1470, KNM-ER-1813
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List the fossils for Homo erectus.
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OH-9, Nariokotome III, KNM-ER-3733
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List Sites for Early Modern Homo sapiens
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Herto, Omo River Basin, Qafzeh, Skhul, Klasies River, and Border Cave
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Herto
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Site for Early Modern Homo sapiens in Africa at 160 thousand. The specimens here are anatomically modern, like Skhul and Qafzeh.
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Omo River Basin
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Site for Early Modern Homo sapiens.
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Qafzeh
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Site for Early Modern Homo sapiens in the Middle East at 90,000.
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Skhul
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Site for Early Modern Homo sapiens in the Middle East at 90,000.
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Klasies River
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Site for Early Modern Homo sapiens in Africa at 130-76 thousand.
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Border Cave
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Site for Early Modern Homo sapiens in Africa at 75,000.
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