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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bilateral symmetry
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symmetry in which the right and left sides of the body are approximately mirror images
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homeotherm
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an organism capable of maintaining a constant body temperature under most circumstances
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homodontic
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all teeth are the same
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heterodontic
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having different types of teeth
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arboreal
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living in trees
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terrestrial
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living on the ground
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prehensile
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capable of grasping
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specialized structure
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a biological structure adapted to a narrow range of conditions and used in very specific ways
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generalized structure
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a biological structure adapted to a wide range of conditions and used in very general ways
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binocular stereoscopic vision
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overlapping fields of vision, with both sides of the brain receiving images from both eyes, thereby providing depth perception
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life history theory
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the study of how characteristics of an organism's life cycle affects reproduction, focusing on tradeoffs energy expended for numbers and fitness of offspring
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parental investment
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parental behaviors that increase the probability that offspring will survive
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monogamy
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an exclusive sexual bond between an adult male and an adult female for a long period of time
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polygamy
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a sexual bond between an adult male and an adult female in which either individual may have more than one mate at the same time
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affiliative
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friendly behaviors that promote social bonds
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agonistic
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unfriendly social relationships
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sexual dimorphism
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the average difference in body size between adult males and adult females
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prosimians
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the suborder of primates that are biologically primitive compared to anthropoids
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anthropoids
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the suborder of primates consisting of monkeys, apes, and humans
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diurnal
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active during the day
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loris
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a nocturnal prosimian found today in Asia and Africa
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tarsier
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a nocturnal prosimian found today in Indonesia
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lemur
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a nocturnal prosimian found today on the island of Madagascar
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Strepsirhini
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primates that have a moist nose
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Haplorhini
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primates without a moist nose
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quadrupedal
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form of movement in which all four limbs are of equal size and make contact with the ground, and the spine is roughly parallel to the ground
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hominoid
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superfamily of anthropoids consisting of apes and humans
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suspensory climbing
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the ability to raise the arms above the head and hang on branches and to climb in this position
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hominid
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a family within the hominoids, includes humans and the great apes
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hominin
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humans and their ancestors since the time if divergence from the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos
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polyandry
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a form of marriage in which the wife has several husbands
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polygyny
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a from of marriage in which the husband has several wives
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microevolution
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small alterations in allele frequencies within a population
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macroevolution
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large evolutionary changes after many generations
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anagenesis
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gradual change of one species to another over time
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cladogenesis
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branching evolution, one or more species is formed from the original species
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adaptive radiation
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rapid divergence, occurs when there are unoccupied niches
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niche
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an environment (climate, flora and fauna) and behavioral adaptions to that environment
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homology
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inheritance of the same trait from a common ancestor
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vertebrate
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internal skeleton
internal segmented vertebral column bilateral symmetry enlarged nerve cord at front of body |
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amphibian
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breathe air
specialized locomotion (tetrapod) external fertilization still dependent on water for eggs |
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reptile
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specialized locomotion (tetrapod)
internal fertilization eggs have a yolk sac chorion absorbs oxygen allantois for waste |
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mammal
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heterodontism
humans = 2-1-2-3 homeothermy fur, hair blood vessel changes 97-100 deg. on average placental nurturing mammary glands post-natal dependency |
