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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How did native people survive in the 20th century in NW coast?
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On reservations and rancherias, migrant and low paying labor; Bole Maru (Dreamers) religion and Shaker church
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How did native peoples respond to the 1960s civil rights movement?
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Land claims, land purchases,economic development (through self determination act of 1975) regional political advocate groups, cultural associations
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What is the American Indian Movement?
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Native American political group, nationwide
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For what did the NW Coast Indians use the forest for?
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Houses, clothing, canoes, containers, masks, and totem poles and other crest art, plants for food and medicine
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What was the most important subsistence activity for NW coast?
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Fishing (salmon)
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What did clans own in the NW coast?
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Rights to resourses, and crest
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How were crest dispolayed and inherited?
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Through potlatching
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What is potlatching?
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Distribution of gifts that validate rank, also strenghtens social bonds
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What did Russia want from NW coast people in the 18th and 19th century?
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Sea otter pelts and provisions
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What was the most important trade organization in Canada?
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Hudson's Bay Company
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What were important reprecussions of trade?
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Important and size of potlatch increase, upward mobility (sue to emidemics) trade goods absorbed into crest art (cloth, buttons, metal knives), potato adopted into subsistense economy and trade
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How did the economy change after settlers entered NW coast territory?
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Commerical fishing and cannery work
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What are brotherhoods?
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NW coast organizations of that worked for native civil rights, economic protection and land claims
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What does "the indigenization of christianity" mean?
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Incorperation of native religions traditions into christian ceremonies
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What was repressive about the Indian Act in Canada?
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Ban on potlatching and other activities, limit legal identity as Native Americans
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What were important reprecussions of trade?
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Important and size of potlatch increase, upward mobility (sue to emidemics) trade goods absorbed into crest art (cloth, buttons, metal knives), potato adopted into subsistense economy and trade
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What differnces are there between Alaskian and Canadian life styles?
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Houses: pithouse/ igloo; Village size: larger in alaska; water vessels: umiak/ kayak
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What kind of religious leader did the Eskimo have?
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Shamans
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Why did a song dual as a form of conflict managment make sense?
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It prevented injury and death among hunters whose cooperation was essential for village survival
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What did Hudson's Bay company want and what were the reprecussions?
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Arctic fox, rifles undercut cooperation, disease
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What happened to Eskimo after WWII?
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US relocated them to compact settlements; wage work and welfare undermined cooperation; deterioration in health
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What was the name of the nationalist Eskimo political advacy group?
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Alaskan Federation of Natives
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CONTEMPERARY ISSUES
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study them
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What caused the rich resource in California?
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different environment zones caused a surplus of food because of vertical terrain
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How did they survive in California?
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Substience activities- hunter, gather, fisherman; acorns seeds as food; plant fivers used for clothing, houses and blankets
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What were the social organizations like in California?
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permanat villiages, political autonomy independent; patrolinial decent, milineal heriditery leader
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Who is a shaman?
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A religiois specialist who can communicate directy with the supernatural
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What were the secret societies?
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Inicate youth and impresonate supernatual beings
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What were the social consequences of the spanish colonization in california?
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missions established and forced native labors from forced immigration of natives to these missions, populations decreased
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What were the consequences of american settlements in california?
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Gold rush massacured natives (genocide)
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What were the affects of the Ghost dance revtaization 1870?
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It promised better life
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What distinguises the people of the east and west subarctic?
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Language, and history of contact with europeans
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What is the main subsistence activitiy in the subarctic?
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Hunting for caribou and moose, fishing
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What inventions helped the subarctic people travel?
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Show shoes and toboggans
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What art are the people of the subarctic known for?
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quilting bark and hide
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What kind of social organizations did the subarctic have?
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small nomadic groups, bilateral decent, egaliteran social relations
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How did the people of the subarctic obtain help from supernatural fores?
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Sharmans contact spirit helpers (ex. shaking tent ceremony in east) individuals get helpers through vision quest
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What colonial empires tracded with subarctic peoples and what did they want?
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English and french; furs and beaver
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What are Metis?
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Desendents of marriages between europeans and native people
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What were the consequences of fur trade in the subarctic?
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Warfare increased, disease increased, debt to traders, dependece on european food and trade goods, political marginalization of metis
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What were the consequences of the introduction of the rifle in the subarctic?
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dogs for transport, pressure on game population
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What is the major means of subsistence in the 20th century in the subarctic?
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wage work combined with trapping subsistence by welfare payments after 1951
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What are the Dene Nation and the Indians of Quebec Association and what are there goals?
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Regional political advacacy group, hunting rights?
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What is the basis of subsistence in the arctic?
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hunting sea mammals
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Why is there a connection between art and cultural revival?
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central role of potlatching
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Why is there a connection between art and cultural revival?
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central role of potlatching
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