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80 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

band

uncentralized power system; often sedentary; elders??

tribe

uncentralized power system; diverse

nation

chiefdom

centralized power system; anacronistic (Hawai'i) power is ascribed - birth, inheritance, blood, royalty; "kingdom"

state

centralized global power system; democracy, autocracy, totalitarian, socialist

achieved power

!Kung; headmen and Big Men

headman**

achieved power

Big Man

achieved power; no authority, can only persuade, gives great speeches; prepares pigs and gifts for other tribe

ascribed power

born into it

Ongka

Kawelka Big Man; generous, persuasive, persistent, communication skills, many wives/allies; cool head

moka

only by giving can you gain wealth and power for the village (cassowary bird); takes time

redistribution

caste

system of Hinduism; stratified, don't change status until after death; reincarnation you can move up

stratification

Hawaiian chiefdom, Hinduism, greek mythology; class levels

levels of violence**

Yanomamo have club fights (intravillage); read about side-slapping - ch. 5 lays out the levels; Yanomamo never want to get in a lethal dispute within their own village (intervillage warfare)

religion

belief in the supernatural; nowadays, secularism has led to a stronger belief in science (fact vs belief --> science can't disprove faith)

monotheism

belief in only one god (most of the globe, came second); concentrates the sacred

animism

belief that the supernatural world is animated/inhabited by spirits (sacred and profane are interwoven); egalitarian; need an access; ancestor worship; natural and human spirits with an overall god; n/um - soul/spiritual essence

mana

power of power; impersonal supernatural essence

sacred

supernatural, god

profane

human, natural

shaman

healer

magical death

Yanomamo access spirits through hallucinogenic drugs; emic - ebene used to access hekura; attract spirits with body paint and dancing

rite of intensification

ritual that marks a crisis or celebration in the life of a group


-land dive: celebrate harvest


-bachelor/bachelorette party: celebrate engagement


-wedding reception: celebrate marriage

rite of passage

ritual that marks a change of status in an individual (3 stages)


-Nuer Gar: boys to men


-Masai circumcision: boys to warriors


-Bar/bat mitzvah: child to adult

ritual

"religion in action"; repeated behavior that has cultural meaning; everyone participates (habit is not a ritual); rite of passage and intensification

separation

stage: removed from rest of the culture

Van Gennup

developed stages of rite of passage and noticed the similarities and patterns

reincorporation

publicly, fanfare; reincorporation of individuals with new status

liminal

in-between stage; not who you once were, but not yet who you will be (Gar initiate?)

gar

Nuer rite of passage; boys become men

bar mitzvah

Jewish rite of passage; boys become men

Christianity

2nd monotheistic religion

Judaism

1st monotheistic religion

circumcision

boys away from mothers for 2 months; rite of passage

wedding

rite of passage (in church/service)

rite of intensification (reception)


hekura

spirits; functions - leadership (shaman career), alliances, heal and kill (victims often children)

Islam

3rd monotheistic religion

Yanomamo

ebene

Yanomamo access to the spirit world; hallucinogenic drug; needs multiple people

priest

leads the christian faith; full-time religious specialist

art

myth

stories about the sacred

legend

stories about the profane; plausible, plot/narrative network, lesson/moral

innovation

change from within; voluntary; ie poison arrows, tracking

acculturation

change from without; forced (not enculturation); ie Millie meal, tourism, government

diffusion

change from without; voluntary; ie popcorn, agriculture

syncretism

response to acculturation (forced change); blending

tuberculosis

N!ai; when !Kung became settled they became exposed; result of sedentarism

South African Army

!Kung acculturation; men "forced" to enter army

sedentary

!Kung acculturation

SWAPO

guerrilla forces

guns

money**

may be attractive individually; in a system that can be forced on people (!Kung); what kind of culture change? how much is a rand? what is yanomamo $$? Brazil is cutting down rainforests of Yanomamoland which has monetary value; link to political power?

tradition

prostitution

!Kung; N!ai's daughter accused of being a prostitute; probably did happen with the tourism

Rand

diffusion in !Kung society; being paid as actors

labor

horse

diffusion in !Kung society

assimilation

to bring into conformity with the customs, attitudes, etc., of a group,nation, or the like

immigration

permanently moving to another country

status

revitalization movement

generations after look at the distant path as a way to resist; hold onto ideas that were changed

globalization

tendency of businesses, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the world; less jobs within the country

colonialism

policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically

maquladora

factory/sweatshop; people work for wages at low cost; global picture of our economy

public character

Hakim

book seller in the sidewalk community; 1

Ron

lay **** out

on blanket, not legal, need permit; used stuff (scavenged); 3

Joe Garbage

unhoused

emic term for homeless

Christmas

vendors

magazine vendors; 2

patriarchy

women

The Romps

Mitch

police

broken windows

people who live non-traditional lives