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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sagittal |
Divides the body into left and right |
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Coronal |
Divides the body into back and front |
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Transverse |
Divides the body into top and bottom, or inferior and superior |
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Medial |
Middle |
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Lateral |
Sides |
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Anterior |
From the front |
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Posterior |
From the back |
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Axial Skeleton |
Skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicals, spine/backbone, sternum bone, ribs |
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Ventral |
Underside or abdominal |
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Dorsal |
Backside |
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Superior |
Top |
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Inferior |
Bottom |
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Proximal |
Center of body/point of attachment |
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Distal |
Away from body |
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Appendicular skeleton |
Pectoral girdles, left and right clavicle and scapula, arms and forearms, left and right humerus, ulna, radius |
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Sex differences in pelvis |
Males: moreheart shaped, narrower, sacrum is lower Women: more round shaped, wider, sacrum is set higher |
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Epiphysis |
Top and bottom of long bone |
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Diaphysis |
Main middle part of bone, long shaft part of bone |
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Epiphyseal plate |
Growth plate located at each end of a long bone |
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Bio archaeology |
the study of bones and other biological materials found in archaeological remains in order to provide information about human life or the environment in the past |
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Forensic anthropology |
the examination of human skeletal remains for law enforcement agencies to determine the identity of unidentified bones |
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Compact bone |
Cortical bone, solid, makes up long bones and the shaft |
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Spongy bone |
Makes up the ends of the long bones, as well as the pelvic bones, ribs, skulls, and vertebrae in the spinal column |
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Synovial joint |
Covers a bone's articulate surface, covered in synovial fluid |
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Phenetics |
The way we group species up when they look alike Ex: Dolphins and sharks are in the same phenetic group |
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Carolus Linnaeus |
Developed binomial nomenculture |
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Systema Naturae |
Linnaeus' representation of binomial nomenclature |
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Binomial Nomenclature |
Way of naming organisms by naming their genus and then their species |
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Clade |
a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics. |
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cladistic |
is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized based on shared derived characteristics that can be traced to a group's most recent common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors. |
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Symplesiomorphy |
shared ancestral trait |
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Synapomorphy |
shared derived trait |
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Autapomorphy |
uniquelyderived trait |
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Anterior fontanelle |
Largest fontanelle |
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Posterior fontanelle |
Gap between the bones in the human skull |
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craniosynostosis |
Infant skull bones prematurely fuse together |
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Monophyletic group |
is a taxon (group of organisms) which forms a clade, meaning that it consists of an ancestral species and all its descendants. |
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Paraphyletic group |
A paraphyletic group is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor but not all of its descendants. |
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Polyphyletic group |
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cladogram |
a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species. |
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Ingroup |
an exclusive, typically small, group of people with a shared interest or identity. |
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Outgroup |
a group of organisms not belonging to the group whose evolutionary relationships are being investigated. |
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Homology |
the state of having the same or similar relation, relative position, or structure |
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Analogy |
two human beliefs, practices or artifacts are separated by time but share similarities due to genetic or historical connections |
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homoplasy |
a character shared by a set of species but not present in their common ancestor |
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Evolutionary systematics |
is a way to determine natural relationships of organisms by studying a group in detail and comparing degree of similarity. |
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fusion-fission |
society is one in which the size and composition of the social group change as time passes and animals move throughout the environment; animals merge |
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What falls under Strepsirrhines? |
Lemeroids and Lorsoids |
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Info about Lemuroids |
Only on the island of Madagascar Arboreal and terrestrial quadrupeds, vertical clingers and leapers Eat fruits flowers leaves and gums |
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What is distinct about Strepsirrhines? |
Tooth comb and grooming claw. |
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Info about Lorsoids |
In Africa and Asia (Not Madagascar) All nocturnal Arboreal quadrupeds, slow climbers, vertical clinging and leaping Eat insects gums and insects |
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What primates fall under Haplorhines |
Tarsius, Platyrrhines, Cercopithecoids, and Hominoids |
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What us distinct about Haplorhines |
Loss of Tapetum Lucidum, loss of dry external nose (haplorhini), |
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Info about Tarsiers |
Found SE Asia, 3.5 ounces, all nocturnal, vertical clinging and leaping, insects and small animals |
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What primates fall under Anthropoid |
Platyrrhines, Cercopithicoids, and Hominoids |
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Distinctions of Anthropoids |
Unfused mandibular synthesis, single pair of nipples, unicornate uterus, full bone behind eyeball |
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Info about Platyrrhines |
Central and South Asia, all diurnal (daytime), Arboreal quadrupedalism, suspension, saltation 5 genera have a prehensile tail, fruits seeds gums leaves |
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Info about Cercopithecoids |
Africa and Asia, 2.5 lbs to 70lbs, all diurnal, Most arboreal, but some terrestrial. All quadrupeds, Fruit, leaves, seeds, invertebrates, vertebrates |
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Hominoid distinctions |
Loss of tail, larger brain, long arms, broad thorax |
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info about hominoids |
Africa and Asia, 13-385 pounds, All diurnal, Suspension, knuckle-walking, bipedalism, Fruit, leaves, insects, meat, seeds |
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