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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
indirection
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making a request without directly asking
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context
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the cultural and social situation
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ethnography of speaking/ ethnography of communication
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an ethnography focused on describing and analyzing the ways that people use langiuage in real situations
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communicative competence
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the ability to speak a language well or the ability to use one's language correctly in a variety of social situations
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speech community
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a group of people who share one or more varieties of language and the rules for using those varieties in everyday communication
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linguistic community
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a group of people who share a single language variety and focus their identity around that language
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community of practice
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a group of individuals who interact regularly, developing unique ways of doing things together
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linguistic competence
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a speaker's underlying ability to produce and recognize grammatically correct expressions
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S - Setting/situation
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the place in which the conversation is taking place and the overall feeling of the place
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P - Participants
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who can or should be involved in various speech events or conversations
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E - Ends
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the reasons for which the speech event is taking place, or the goals that people have in speaking in a particular situation
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adjacency pairs
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greeting and response exchanges
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speech acts
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describes specific utterances, with intentions of the speaker
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speech event
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one of more speech acts involving one of more participants
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speech situation
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the entire setting or situation in which people speak
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K - key
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the mood or spirit in which communication takes place
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I - Intstrumentalities
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the channels that are used as well as the varieties of language that speakers use
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mutually unintelligible
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when 2 or more ways of speaking cannot understand each other - separate languages
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mutually intelligible
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when 2 or more ways of speaking can understand each other - separate dialects
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register
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varieties of a language that are appropriate in specific situations
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N - norms
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the expectations that speakers have about appropriateness of speech use
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G - genres
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the different kinds of speech acts of events
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rich point
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the kind of moment in which things "go wrong" in a speech situation
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M-A-R
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Mistake, awareness, repair
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M - mistake
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recognizing that a rich point has occurred, something has gone wrong, communication has broken down somehow
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A - awareness
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recognizing that different expectations have caused the rich point to occur
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R - repair
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developing new sets of expectations to use in communicating
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nonverbal communication/ body language
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the process of transmitting messages without spoken words
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proxemics
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the study of how people perceive and use space (developed by Edward T. Hall)
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kinesics
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the study of body movements, facial expressions and gestures (developed by Ray Birdwhistell)
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kineme
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the minimal unit of visual expression
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allokines
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variant forms of kinemes
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kinemorphs
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meaningful units of visual expression
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emblems
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gestures with direct verbal translations
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illustrators
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gestures to depict or illustrate what is said verbally
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affect displays
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gestures that convey emotion
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regulators
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gestures that control or coordinate interaction
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adaptors
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gestures that facilitate release of body tension
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complex alternative sign languages
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gestural systems that can be used almost as effectively as spoken language
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sign language
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language performed in 3 dimensional space
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primes
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elements of sign corresponding to the phonological elements of spoken language
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paralanguage
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sounds that accompany speech but that are not directly part of language
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speech substitutes
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systems of communication in which sound signals substitute for spoken words or parts of words
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