Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Multiregional evolution |
What: Model of human origin--Homo erectus moved into Eurasia Where: Eurasia When: 1-2 mya Why important: Archaic humans turned into anatomically modern humans through gene flow |
|
|
Replacement: out of Africa |
What: Model of human origin: Where: Eurasia and Africa When: last 200,000 years Why important: Anatomically modern humans migrated out of Africa replacing premodern civilizations, no gene flow |
|
|
Assimilation Model (Partial Replacement) |
What: Model of human origin: combines replacement and multi regional Where: Eurasia and Africa When: 100,000 ya Why important: Modern humans originated in Africa and interbred with premodern humans, makes more sense with fossil record and DNA supports |
|
|
Neandertals (homo neanderthalensis) |
What: type of early human Where: Mostly Europe, western Asia When: 130,000-30,000 BP Why important: potential interbreeding between AMH and neandertals |
|
|
Admixture |
What: interbreeding Where: Vindija Cave, Croatia When: 40,000 BP Why important: evidence for interbreeding between Neandertals and AMH, genomes from some modern people derived from neandertals but not a big enough sample size |
|
|
Denisova Cave |
What: cave where in 2000 and 2008 a tooth and a juvenile's finger were found Where: c. 50,000 When: Altai Mountains, Siberia, Russia Why Important: evidence that Neandertals and AMH were around at the same time, likely that there is gene flow between Denosovians, neandertals and AMH |
|
|
Into Asia |
What: routes for early humans into Asia Where: Africa to Asia (southern coastal, northern) When: 125-65 kya Why important: relatively rapid spread |
|
|
Sunda |
What: Mainland SE asia and sumatra, Borneo Java Where: SE Asia When: 50,000 ya Why important: potential sea crossings |
|
|
Sahul |
What: site for early AMH in Australia Where: Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania When: 30,000 BP Why important: sea crossings |
|
|
Wallace Line |
What: Ecozone boundary with distance species of plants and animals on either side Where: in between SE Asia and Australia When: 50,000 ya people crossed Why Important: they had to have made boats or something to get across |
|
|
Lake Mungo |
What: oldest sites of people in Australia Where: southern Australia When: 30,000-50,000 BP Why important: cremation, burial, red ochre, earliest evidence for peopling in Australia |
|
|
Liang Bua |
What: cave site Where: Indonesia When: late pleistocene Why important: evidence for Homo floresiensis |
|
|
Homo floresiensis |
What: early homo Where: Indonesia When: Late Pleistocene Why important: potential descendent of homo erectus, non AMH but chronological overlap |
|
|
Behavioral Modernity |
What: modern humans and recent ancestors Where: Asia When: Pleistocene Why important: complex symbolic thought, potential origins of language |
|
|
Behavioral variability |
What: modern humans and recent ancestors Where: Asia When: Pleistocene Why important: more appropriate than modernity |
|
|
Rising Star Cave |
What: cave with lots of hominid fossils When: Where: Southern Africa Why important: found lots of hominid fossils |
|
|
Jomon Culture |
What: fisher-hunter-gatherer society Where: Japan When: 16,500-2400 BP Why important: earliest pottery, organized villages, late agriculture |
|
|
Sedentism |
What: Transition to agriculture society Where: Globally but not everywhere When: Holocene Why important: decreased reliance on wild, increased reliance on domesticates |
|
|
Younger Dryas |
What: Big Freeze, change in climate to colder and drier Where: global When: 13,000-11,500 ya Why important: potentially affected sustenance patterns |
|
|
Domestication |
What: species change to rely on human intervention Where: earliest evidence in Fertile Crescent (SW Asia) When: 11,000 BP Why important: agriculture and sedentism |
|
|
Carbonized Figs |
What: cultivated variety different from wild Where: Jordan Valley, Israel When: 11,500 BP Why important: evidence for intentional planning, cultivation, domestication |
|
|
Pottery |
What: Peligang Pot Where: E Asia When: 16,000 BP Why important: before agriculture |
|
|
Millet |
What: grain Where: Yellow River valley (north) When: 10,000 BP Why important: farming, principle crop for town life |
|
|
Peligang Culture |
What: rich cultural life Where: Yellow River region When: 9000-7000 BP Why important: potential trade goods showing inter-village relationships |
|
|
Beifudi Site |
What: village Where: Yellow River When: 8000 BP Why important: ceramic masks showing religious and spiritual life |
|
|
Rice |
What: grain Where: Yangtze river region When: Early Holocene Why Important: climate ideal for wet rice, signs of domestication and sedentism |
|
|
Yuchanyan |
What: cave sites Where: Yangtze River Region When: Post Younger Dryas Why important: plant cultivation, selection |
|
|
Pengtoushan |
What: culture, site Where: Yangtze River region When: 9000-7500 BP Why important: not necessarily domestication |
|
|
Hemudu |
What: culture Where: Yangtze river region When: 7000-6500 BP Why important: Domestication and cultivating rice |
|
|
New Guinea |
What: culture Where: SE Asian islands When: 7000 BP Why important: domestic yam, banana, taro |
|
|
Hongshan Culture |
What: agricultural villages, ritualistic mounds Where: NE China When: 5000-2500 BP Why important: Neuheliang (ritual complex, goddess temple, female figurine with jade eyes)=religion, jade is symbol of wealth and power |
|
|
Yangshao culture |
What: large villages Where: Yellow River Valley When: 5000-3000 BP Why important: potential clan organization, long distance trade |
|
|
Puyang |
What: Shaman burial Where: Yellow River Valley When: 4500 BC Why Important: earliest dragon motif, burials |
|
|
Sanxingdui |
What: organized cities Where: SW China When: 2800-1000 BCE (Bronze Age) Why important: not written in historical records |
|
|
Liangzhu |
What: cities, culture Where: South China When: 3000-2000 BC Why important: house platforms about floodplains, tombs with jade offerings |
|
|
Xia Kingdom |
What: state Where: China When: 2100-1600 BC Why important: first state |
|
|
Erlitou
|
What: culture Where: China When: 1900-1500 BC Why important: palace, sophisticated artifacts, potential connection with Xia Kingdom |
|
|
Shang Dynasty |
What: state Where: China When: 1750-1045 BC Why important: first definitive major state, rulers, social stratification, authority, ideology, writing, bronze |
|
|
Yinxu |
What: capital of Shang Where: China When: 1200-1050 BC Why important: Human sacrifice, construction, rituals |
|
|
Scapulimancy
|
What: burned cracks in scapula for prophecies Where: Yinxu When: 1200-1050 BC Why important: evidence for divination |
|
|
Ercengtai
|
What: burial pit for Lady Fu Shao Where: China When: Shang dynasty Why important: showed royal cemetery, human sacrifice, jade offerings |
|
|
Qin Dynasty |
What: state, political formation Where: China When: 221-206 BC Why important: unification of China, warring state leader was Shihuangdi |
|
|
Trauma on skeletal remains |
What: blunt force, crack etc. Where: When: Why important: general indicator for warfare |
|
|
Specialized weaponry |
not for farming or hunting, bronze age swords, |
|
|
Specialized Equipment |
defense, armor |
|
|
Fortification features |
Bastions: arrow shaped walls where enemies can't hide made for war |
|
|
Trophy taking |
take skulls |
|
|
Iconography: |
cave painting |
|
|
Narmer Palette |
What: pottery artwork Where: Egypt When: 5000 BP Why important: unification of upper and lower Egypt |
|
|
Yashinogari |
What: settlement Where: Japan When: Iron Age Why important: concerns over security |
|
|
Regionalization period |
What: three-kingdom period Where: China When: 300-668 AD Why important: highly complex states |
|
|
Silla State |
What: state Where: SE Korea When: integration phase Why important: conquest, warfare |
|
|
Co Loa |
What: city, complex society Where: SE Asia, Vietnam When: Iron Age Why important: capitol of first state, conquest, origin stories and legends, shows impact of coercive power |
|
|
Shimao Site |
What: ancient stone town Where: Yellow river When: Neolithic Why important: reflects cultural and religious beliefs |
|
|
Near to Remote Oceania |
What: islands in Pacific Where: Oceania When: last 3500 years Why important: dramatic migration |
|
|
Papuan
|
What: language Where: Near oceania When: last 30,000 years Why important: diversity coming together |
|
|
Austronesian |
What: languages Where: SE Asia island When: Why important: distinct from Papuan Language |
|
|
Proto-Language
|
What: language Where: Taiwan When: 3500-2500 BC Why important: potential migrations outward |
|
|
Remote Oceania: |
What: Pacific Islands Where: Pacific When: last 4000 years Why important: ocean voyaging |
|
|
Lapita Culture |
What: Austronesian speaking people Where: Near Oceania When: 3500 BP Why important: Taiwan and Papua cultures mixed |
|
|
Rapa Nui/Easter Island |
What: remote culture Where: remote oceania When: 400 or 1200 AD Why important: culture accidentally killed themselves (Ecoside) |
