Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Etruscan writing: |
an early phonetic writing system that preceded the Roman alphabet
|
|
|
Shang:
a. intensive agriculturalists in rural Vietnam b. capital of an early state near Teotihuacan c. pristine state formation in North China d. early chiefdom in the Eastern Woodlands |
pristine state formation in North China
|
|
|
Early domesticators of this plant developed a single husk or sheath
that covers multiple seeds attached to a cob: a. wheat b. maize c. Romaji d. beans |
maize
|
|
|
Which kind of food production is likely to involve the least amount
of work-time per day, on average: a. wheat, olive, grape and cotton farmers in rural Greece b. wet tropical horticulturalists c. irrigated rice production in Vietnam d. foraging |
foraging
|
|
|
Samoa:
a. a source of evidence proving that Atlantis is not just a myth b. famous for domesticating the coffee tree c. an important lingua franca in South America d. a Pacific island society where people practice a form of horticulture |
a Pacific island society where people practice a form of
horticulture |
|
|
The domestication of maize and other New World cultigens
(Archaic Period) began as early as: a. 50,000 BC b. 15,000 BC c. 1200 BC d. 7500-5500 BC |
7500-5500 BC
|
|
|
The horticultural form of food production:
a. has not been used since the Neolithic Period b. associated with dense populations, large cities, and the state form of societal governance c. found primarily in arid or semi-arid environments d. mature forest is burned to create a space to plant crops |
mature forest is burned to create a space to plant crops
|
|
|
Monte Albán, the earliest pristine state in Mesoamerica, dates to:
a. 500 BC b. 2300 BC c. 3500 BC d. 7-8,000 BC |
500 BC
|
|
|
In a system of intensive agriculture such as wet rice production in
rural Vietnam: a. farmers have much free time as crops grow abundantly with almost no human effort b. foraging provides the bulk of food calories c. crops produced are never sold in the market d. elaborate irrigation systems require much labor to build and maintain |
|
|
|
A type of assertion associated with Van Sertima's Afrocentric
theories: a. some elements of Native American social complexity derived from Africa in pre-Columbian times b. the Romaji state developed in India c. only Hindus invented horticulture d. Africans migrated from Atlantis 10,000 years ago |
some elements of Native American social complexity derived from Africa in pre-Columbian times
|
|
|
The world’s earliest state form of government, in Mesopotamia,
dates to: a. 500 BC b. 7-8,000 BC c. 2300 BC d. 3500 BC |
3500 BC
|
|
|
Nomadic pastoralism:
a. a production system in which animal products are provided in exchange for food and other products produced by agriculturalists b. is restricted to the band form of organization c. developed long before humans domesticated grass crops such as wheat d. an important way of life in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica |
a production system in which animal products are provided in exchange for food and other products produced by agriculturalists
|
|
|
A pre-Columbian Native American chiefdom located near St. Louis where archaeologists have found over 100 earthen mounds:
a. the Moche site b. Catal Hüyük c. Cahokia d. Axum |
Cahokia
|
|
|
An early state where we see an elaborate institutional development of rulership and control of society by a small group of very wealthy families:
a. Ancient Egypt b. Teotihuacan c. Indus civilization d. Monte Albán |
Ancient Egypt
|
|
|
Traditionally, this way of life featured highly mobile families of foragers that occasionally came together in temporary bands of up to 80 people:
a. Samoans b. Romaji c. the Teosinte tribe d. Australian Aborigines |
Australian Aborigines
|
|
|
World-system implies:
a. Native Americans got the idea of the state from China b. goods are exchanged between core and periphery c. pristine states developed only during the Archaic Period d. in each local culture, people know only their native language |
goods are exchanged between core and periphery
|
|
|
The earliest Neolithic Period, dating to 7-8,000 BC:
a. Mesoamerica b. Central Andes c. Nile Valley d. Greater Mesopotamia |
Greater Mesopotamia
|
|
|
According to the irrigation hypothesis for early state formation:
a. state formation was earlier in Atlantis than other world areas b. Teotihuacan was really a tribal society c. early complex societies developed only in wet tropical areas d. complex social organization is required to build and maintain irrigation systems |
complex social organization is required to build and maintain
|
|
|
The Latin (Roman) alphabet can be traced historically back to a
script developed by the: a. Phoenicians b. Harappans c. Basseri d. Ancient Egyptians |
Phoenicians
|
|
|
Any human language can be represented by a script consisting of roughly alphabetic signs.
a. 1000 to 2000 b. 10,000 c. 150 d. 20 to 30 |
20 to 30
|
|
|
Nomadic pastoralists in Norway:
a. Anatolians b. Harappans c. Lapps (Saami) d. Moche |
Lapps (Saami)
|
|
|
Example of a tribal society in which there is only a weak
institutionalization of leadership: a. Yanomamö b. Australian aborigines c. Eskimoans d. Cahokia |
Yanomamö
|
|
|
Archaeologists have learned about life during the Neolithic from
their excavations at this site in Turkey: a. Catal Hüyük b. Ghana c. Teotihuacan d. Sumer |
Catal Hüyük
|
|
|
In contemporary China, an alphabetic script derived from the Latin (or Roman) alphabet is called
a. Pinyin b. Levant c. Basseri d. Oikumene |
Pinyin
|
|
|
According to_________________, state formation results from competition for resources and warfare in a physically bounded area.
a. the irrigation hypothesis b. world system theory c. time allocation studies d. circumscription theory |
circumscription theory
|
|
|
In plant and animal domestication, symbiosis would imply:
a. trade between Inner Asia and the Fertile Crescent b. the irrigation hypothesis must be wrong c. the domesticate is no longer able to propagate or reproduce successfully without human help d. that agriculture was introduced to the Native Americans from Africa |
the domesticate is no longer able to propagate or reproduce successfully without human help
|
|
|
In the modern world, pictographs:
a. are useful for communication in multicultural settings because they do not represent any particular language b. are not used today because they are a primitive form of writing c. always serve as phonetic signs d. are used only in China |
are useful for communication in multicultural settings because they do not represent any particular language
|
|
|
Teosinte:
a. wild grass that is the ancestor of maize b. found today only in the fertile crescent c. has a brittle rachis in the wild form d. an early form of millet |
wild grass that is the ancestor of maize
|
|
|
Mesoamerica (7 cultigens)
|
Maise Beans Chocolate Tobacco Squash Tomato Turkey |
|
|
Central Andes (4 cultigens)
|
Potato Chili peppers Peanuts Cotton |
|
|
Greater Mesopotamia (6 cultigens)
|
Wheat Barley Pig Sheep Goat Cattle |
|
|
Chinese and South and South Asian Neolithic (including New Guinea) (7 cultigens) |
Pigs Millet Rice Yams Bananas Cotton Chickens Sugar cane Soybeans |
|
|
Africa (5 cultigens)
|
Sorghum Millet Yams Coffee Peanuts |
|
|
Europe and Mediterranean (2 cultigens)
|
Grapes Olives |
|
|
Acclimate
|
Your body adjusting temporarily
|
|
|
Adaptation
|
You are genetically selected to be more fit for a certain environment.
|
|
|
Bergman's Rule
|
Species closer to the equator are taller and thinner |
|
|
Allen's Rule
|
Appendages of species are longer in warmer regions |
|
|
Melanin
|
Reflects UV rays and absorbs vitamin D
|
|
|
Lactose intolerant
|
Neoteny slowing down Effect of a society not having milk |
|
|
First domesticated dogs
|
15,000 YA in major zones |
|
|
2 kinds of social governments
|
Autocratic (king) Primitive Democracy (appointed) |
|
|
Horticulture
|
Slash and burn
|
|
|
Franz Boas 4 Arguments
|
1.) Hairy people 2.) European vs non-european 3.) Superiority in brain size 4.) |
|
|
Eugenics
|
Reproduction with people presumed to have desirable traits (genetic selection)
|
|
|
Hunting and gathering
|
Favors small groups Healthier from a more diverse diet |
|
|
2 characteristics of wheat
|
1.) Rachis- small; in the wild is weak 2.) Glume-shell that holds the seed; in the wild is strong, weaker ones are chosen for extraction. |
|
|
Color recognition
|
1.) Black and white 2.) Red 3.) Green or Yellow 4.) Blue |
|
|
Emotions
|
Happy Sad Fear Anger Shame Contempt |
|
|
Race
|
Social construct, changes over time
|
|
|
Group of 3-7
|
intimate human group
|
|
|
Group of 200-300
|
Groups based on direct social knowledge
|
|
|
Group of 2000-3000
|
Larger group that will have some type of social hierarchcy
|
|
|
Variation in Pristine (Primary)States: 1.) Old kingdom Egypt 2.) Sumer 3.) Indus 4.) Teotihuacan 5.) Cahokia |
1.) Old kingdom Egypt (autocracy) 2.) Sumer (primitive democracy) 3.) Indus (wealth equality; muted leadership) 4.) Teotihuacan (wealth equality; muted leadership) 5.) Cahokia (form of government not well known) |
|
|
Phonetic Signs
|
Symbol that is sound
|
|
|
Ideographic signs
|
Symbolizes a word; not script
|
|
|
Rebus writing
|
incorporates ideographs and phonograms
|
|
|
Consequences of agriculture
|
Growth and nutrition Dental Population Settlement Pattern |
|
|
|
|
