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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Each of the following is true about Gregor Mendel EXCEPT:
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A. He inferred that the "particles" for different traits are independently inherited.
B. He discovered the mechanisms of inheritance with a series of breeding experiments on garden peas. C. He discovered that chromosomes are composed of DNA. D. He inferred that characteristics of organisms are determined jointly by two “particles,” one inherited from each parent. E. He wasn't a professional scientist; he was a monk. |
C. He discovered that chromosomes are composed of DNA.
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Each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. Only traits determined by loci on different chromosomes always segregate independently.
B. For most aspects of an organism multiple genes act in concert to produce the phenotype. C. Gametes, eggs and sperm, are formed by a process of cell division called meiosis. D. There is always a one-to-one mapping of the genetic composition, or genotype, to the observable characteristics, or phenotype. E. With "blending" inheritance, mating rapidly removes phenotypic variation. |
D. There is always a one-to-one mapping of the genetic composition, or genotype, to the observable characteristics, or phenotype
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Each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. Population genetics provides a quantitative underpinning for evolutionary theory.
B. Population genetics is concerned with processes that influence allele or genotype frequencies in populations. C. The frequencies of genotypes in a population must sum to one. D. The Hardy-Weinberg relationship describes the consequences of assortative (non-random) mating on allele and genotype frequencies. E. The frequencies of alleles in a population must sum to one. |
D. The Hardy-Weinberg relationship describes the consequences of assortative (non-random) mating on allele and genotype frequencies
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When a single locus with two alleles is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, after one generation of random mating each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. There is a fixed relationship between allele and genotype frequencies.
B. Allele frequencies will not change. C. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype depends on the frequencies of both alleles. D. Genotype frequencies will not change. E. The relationship between allele and genotype frequencies is specified by the equation: p + q = 1. |
E. The relationship between allele and genotype frequencies is specified by the equation: p + q = 1.
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Each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. Many continuously varying traits have patterns of variation that follow a bell-shape, or normal, distribution.
B. Recent research shows that Fisher’s model of the genetics underlying continuous traits can't explain variation in human height. C. Many 19th century scientists thought that Mendel’s laws of inheritance were incompatible with continuous traits. D. Quantitative genetics deals with traits that vary continuously. E. Continuous phenotypic variation can arise from discrete genes due to the combined effects of many genetic loci and the environment. |
B. Recent research shows that Fisher’s model of the genetics underlying continuous traits can't explain variation in human height.
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Each of the following was a founder of modern population and quantitative genetics EXCEPT:
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A. Gregor Mendel.
B. Sewall Wright. C. JBS Haldane. D. Ronald Fisher. |
A. Gregor Mendel.
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Each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. Radiation often occurs when an ancestor species diversifies and evolves into new species to fill new ecological niches.
B. The fore-limb structure of birds, humans, and whales are an example of homoplasy. C. Homoplasy is possession of a similar trait that is not derived from a common ancestor. D. Homology is possession of a similar trait that is derived from a common ancestor. E. Fossils often share similarities with living species. |
B. The fore-limb structure of birds, humans, and whales are an example of homoplasy.
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Each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. Everything that is natural is necessarily good.
B. The pace of evolution varies; it is sometimes slow and gradual, and sometimes fast and punctuated. C. Natural selection can produce convergence in distantly related species. D. It is incorrect to view evolution as inherently progressive or unidirectional. E. Natural selection is only one mechanism by which evolution can occur. |
A. Everything that is natural is necessarily good.
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Each of the following is a neutral evolutionary process EXCEPT:
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A. Gene flow.
B. Genetic drift. C. Natural selection. D. Mutation. |
C. Natural selection.
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Each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. Genetic drift refers to the change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance.
B. Mutations are usually neutral or harmful. C. The effects of genetic drift grow stronger as a population becomes larger in size. D. Over time genetic drift will tend to decrease the amount of variation in a group. E. The accumulation of mutations will tend to differentiate two recently diverged groups. |
C. The effects of genetic drift grow stronger as a population becomes larger in size.
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Each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. Gene flow will tend to differentiate groups.
B. The interaction between mutation and genetic drift will eventually lead to a constant amount of variation within a group. C. Gene flow results from the migration of individuals between groups. D. The “founder effect” refers to a specific type of genetic drift that occurs when a new group is founded by only a few ancestors. E. Sewall Wright was one of the first to recognize the potential importance of genetic drift. |
A. Gene flow will tend to differentiate groups.
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Each of the following is true EXCEPT:
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A. Motoo Kimura was one of the first to investigate mathematically how mutation and genetic drift interact.
B. Genetic distance measures the percentage of the total genetic variation that is between-group variation. C. When mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow interact, the genetic distances between groups will increase with the geographic distances between them. D. When mutation and genetic drift interact, the genetic distances between groups will increase with the time since they split. E. When mutation and genetic drift interact, larger groups will end up being less genetically variable than smaller groups |
E. When mutation and genetic drift interact, larger groups will end up being less genetically variable than smaller groups
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Each of the following scientists is correctly matched with their contribution to science EXCEPT
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A. Georges Cuvier: Recognized that species change throughout geologic time.
B. Carl Linnaeus: Created the modern taxonomic system. C. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: Developed an early model of evolution, arguing for the inheritance of acquired characteristics. D. Thomas Malthus: Developed an economic theory describing the relationship between populations and food supply. E. Charles Lyell: Argued that the earth was formed by catastrophic events. |
E. Charles Lyell: Argued that the earth was formed by catastrophic events.
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Charles Darwin's conclusion that all modern species derived from a common origin was influenced by all of the following observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle EXCEPT:Charles Darwin's conclusion that all modern species derived from a common origin was influenced by all of the following observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle EXCEPT:
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A. Species that are very similar to each other.
B. Close resemblance of extinct fossil species to modern species. C. Different species filling similar ecological roles on separate islands. D. Witnessing changes in populations from one generation to the next. |
D. Witnessing changes in populations from one generation to the next.
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Before publishing the Origin of Species, Darwin compiled information on all of the following lines of evidence EXCEPT:
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A. The mathematical likelihood that organisms would share common traits without common descent (probability).
B. Similarity in underlying skeletal form of different species (homologous structures). C. Similarity between species at early developmental stages (embryology). D. Evidence of the earth's age (geology). |
A. The mathematical likelihood that organisms would share common traits without common descent (probability).
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Which of the following COULD NOT help explain why Darwin delayed publishing his ideas about natural selection?
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A. Natural selection was counter to the religious orthodoxy of the time.
B. He continued to gather stronger evidence for 20 years. C. His correspondence with other scientists suggested that they would not accept his theory. D. He was concerned that all the available evidence was consistent with his ideas. |
C. His correspondence with other scientists suggested that they would not accept his theory.
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According to Darwin's interpretation of Malthus's ideas, all of the following are essential to explain the process of natural selection EXCEPT:
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A. Individuals can't reproduce if they don't survive.
B. All species produce more offspring than can be supported by the environment. C. Some of the qualities of a parent will be passed to its offspring. D. There is variation within a population in traits that are essential to success. E. Only traits that allow organisms to succeed are inherited by offspring. |
E. Only traits that allow organisms to succeed are inherited by offspring.
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Each of the following is one of Darwin’s three postulates EXCEPT:
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A. Variation is passed from parents to offspring, or inherited.
B. More individuals are born than can survive to reproduce. C. There is variation among individuals, and this variation affects an individual’s ability to survive. D. Individuals will naturally move to environments that they are best adapted to. |
D. Individuals will naturally move to environments that they are best adapted to.
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Each of the following true about the Medium Ground Finch EXCEPT:
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A. During drought periods many birds die because there isn't enough food.
B. Charles Darwin observed natural selection acting on this species. C. Seeds are important foods for this species. D. This species provides a well-documented example of directional selection. E. It inhabits the Galapagos, which are islands off the coast of Ecuador. |
B. Charles Darwin observed natural selection acting on this species.
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Each of the following is a process that can lead to evolution EXCEPT:
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A. Natural selection.
B. Correlation. C. Homology. D. Mutation. E. Genetic drift. |
C, Homology.
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All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
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A. Directional selection on a characteristic will occurs when large individuals have the highest fitness.
B. A single allele of a gene will spread through a population when heterozygotes have higher fitness than homozygotes. C. Directional selection on a characteristic will occurs when small individuals have the highest fitness. D. Stabilizing selection on a characteristic occurs when individuals close to the average have the highest fitness. |
B. A single allele of a gene will spread through a population when heterozygotes have higher fitness than homozygotes.
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All of the following statements describe disruptive selection EXCEPT:
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A. Individuals with intermediate traits may appear rare.
B. Organisms at the lower end of the phenotypic spectrum experience lower fitness than those near the middle of the spectrum. C. It generates more than one “adaptive peak.” D. It is associated with traits where the phenotype occurs on a continuous spectrum between extreme values. E. Organisms at the upper end of the phenotypic spectrum experience higher fitness than those near the middle of the spectrum. |
B. Organisms at the lower end of the phenotypic spectrum experience lower fitness than those near the middle of the spectrum.
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After learning about the advantage conferred by the gene for sickle-cell anemia in malaria infested areas, your friend asks why natural selection has not resulted in all individuals in these areas inheriting the advantage. Which of the following WOULD NOT be part a scientifically accurate answer?
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A. In cases of heterozygote advantage, the heterozygote condition has the highest average fitness.
B. Half of the offspring of heterozygote parents will be homozygotes. C. The |
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