Anthrcul 101 Exam 2 Review 2

Front 1

o Sororate

Back 1

custom by which a widower married the sister of the deceased wife

Front 2

o Levirate

Back 2

custom by which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband

Front 3

o Affinal relatives

Back 3

relatives by marrige, whether of lineals (son’s wife) or collaterals (sister’s husband)

Front 4

o Consanguineal relatives

Back 4

“blood” relatives, socially recognized biological linked

Front 5

o Family of procreation

Back 5

nuclear family established when one marries and has children

Front 6

o Family of orientation

Back 6

nuclear family in which one is born and grows up

Front 7

o Lineal

Back 7

kin in your direct line of descent (ego’s ancestors or descents like parents, grandparents, children, grandchildren), relatives on the direct line of descent that leads to and from ego

Front 8

o Generational

Back 8

kinship terminology with only two terms for the parental generation, one designating Mo, MoSi, and FaSi, and the other designating Fa, FaBr, and MoBr

Front 9

o Bifurcate Collateral

Back 9

kinship terminology in employing seprate terms for Mo, Fa, MoBr, MoSi, FaBr, and FaSi

Front 10

o Bifurcate merging

Back 10

kinship terminology in which Mo and MoSi are called by the same term, Fa and FaBr are called by the same term, and MoBr and FaSi are called by different terms

Front 11

o Cross cousins

Back 11

children of a brother and of a sister

Front 12

o Parallel cousins

Back 12

children of two brothers or two sisters

Front 13

o Bands

Back 13

small group of fewer than a hundred people, all related by kinship or marriage; stay together year round or split up and rejoin later; small kin-based group found among foragers

Front 14

o Tribes

Back 14

economies based on nonintensive food production (horticultre and poastoralism); live in villages; organized into kind based on common descent; lack formal government and have no reliable means of enforcing political decisions

Front 15

o Chiefdom

Back 15

form of sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and the state; social relations were based mainly on kinship, marriage, descent, age, generation, and gender; although kin-based, featured differential access to resources (some have more wealth, prestige, and powere than others did), and a permanent political structure

Front 16

o State

Back 16

form of sociopolitical organization based on a formal government srcuture and socioeconomic stratification

Front 17

o Shamanic

Back 17

have shamans, which are part-time religious figures who mediate between people and supernatural beings and forces; most characteristic of foraging societies; shamans sometimes set themselves off symbolically from ordinary people by assuming a different or ambiguous sex or gender role

Front 18

o Communal

Back 18

: have shamans and community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and collective rites of passage; lack full-time religious specialists, but believe in several deities (polytheism) who control aspects of nature; more typical of farming societies

Front 19

o Olympian

Back 19

arose with state organization and marked social stratification; full-time religious specialists—professional priesthoods; priesthood is hierarchically and bureaucratically organized; polytheistic with powerful anthropomorphic gods with specialized functions; often have collections of supernatural beings (pantheons)

Front 20

o Monotheistic

Back 20

have priesthoods and notions of divine power, but view supernatural differently; all supernatural phenomena are manifestations of or are under the control of a single eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being