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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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36. homologous chromosome
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features we have in common or carry the same trait
ex. each pair of chromosomes are homologus |
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Mitocondria
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"powerhouse"
oblong organelle where ATP production occurs for cellular energy. |
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Ribosomes
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"workbench"
small structures made of proteins and RNA "reads" RNA strand during protein syntesis |
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25. gamete
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Sex Cells
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76. zygote
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fertilized egg
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Where does the zygote get its chromosomes from?
How many does it get? |
23 from the mother and 23 from the father
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45. mitosis
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somatic cells divide to produce more somatic cells
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44. meiosis
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sex cell divison
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Does the number of chromosomes give any indication how advanced they are?
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no
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14. diploid
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two sets of 23 chromosomes
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31. haploid
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1 set of chromosomes
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4. autosomes
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chromosomes 1-22 (all but the st which is a gametes
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What is the 23 chromosome for a female or 63. sex chromosome
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X X
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What is the 23 chromosome for a male or 63. sex chromosome
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X Y
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Describe or diagram the process of DNA replication
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1. enzymes unzip the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds b/w bases
2. 2 DNA strands separate exposing the bases 3. bases attract DNA nucleotides bond appropriately to bases 4. then winds together at the bottom while still unwinding from the bottom |
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20. exon
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spliced together to make mRNA
they are the expressed region |
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20. intron
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"junk DNA" are removed to make mRNA
They are between the Exons segments |
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Which type of RNA is formed during transcription?
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mRNA
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What is transcription?
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When DNA turns (transcribes) into RNA
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3 types of RNA
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mRNA - messenger RNA (taxi from nucleus to ribosome)
tRNA - transfer RNA rRNA - ribosomal RNA |
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somatic cell characteristics
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diploid, all cells except sex cells such as bone cells etc.
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Name the 2 types of chromosomes.
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Autosomes 1-22
Gametes 23rd |
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What is the RNA copy called?
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mRNA
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What are the steps for protein synthesis?
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1. transcription
2. translation |
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What are the 5 steps of Transcription?
week 2 slide 13 |
1. the first tRNA attaches to the mRNA (messenger)at the 1st (start codon)
2. Ribosomes move along the mRNA strand and next tRNA joins 3. amino acids attached to tRNA 1 binds to the amino acid from tRNA 2 4. tRNA 1 then leaves the ribosome 5. tRNA is read in groups called anticodons |
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How is mRNA and tRNA related?
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mRNA is complimentary to tRNA
mRNA has codons tRNA had anticodons |
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Advantages of the pea plant
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1. cross polinate
2. short times between generation to see a long family tree 3. easy to grow 4. closed flower 5. simple genome |
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What is a chromosome?
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nuclear bodies made of DNA coiled around proteins
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What is DNA? What is it composed of?
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deoxyribonucleic acid, composed of bases, phosphate, and sugar molcules
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Law of Segregation
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only one particle from each parent is passes on or segregated to the offspring
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20. exon
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spliced together to make mRNA
they are the expressed region |
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20. intron
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"junk DNA" are removed to make mRNA
They are between the Exons segments |
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Which type of RNA is formed during transcription?
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mRNA
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What is transcription?
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When DNA turns (transcribes) into RNA
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3 types of RNA
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mRNA - messenger RNA (taxi from nucleus to ribosome)
tRNA - transfer RNA rRNA - ribosomal RNA |
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somatic cell characteristics
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diploid, all cells except sex cells such as bone cells etc.
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Name the 2 types of chromosomes.
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Autosomes 1-22
Gametes 23rd |
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What is the RNA copy called?
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mRNA
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What are the steps for protein synthesis?
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1. transcription
2. translation |
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What are the 5 steps of Transcription?
week 2 slide 13 |
1. the first tRNA attaches to the mRNA (messenger)at the 1st (start codon)
2. Ribosomes move along the mRNA strand and next tRNA joins 3. amino acids attached to tRNA 1 binds to the amino acid from tRNA 2 4. tRNA 1 then leaves the ribosome 5. tRNA is read in groups called anticodons |
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How is mRNA and tRNA related?
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mRNA is complimentary to tRNA
mRNA has codons tRNA had anticodons |
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Advantages of the pea plant
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1. cross polinate
2. short times between generation to see a long family tree 3. easy to grow 4. closed flower 5. simple genome |
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What is a chromosome?
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nuclear bodies made of DNA coiled around proteins
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What is DNA? What is it composed of?
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deoxyribonucleic acid, composed of bases, phosphate, and sugar molcules
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Law of Segregation
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only one particle from each parent is passes on or segregated to the offspring
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Law of Inheritance
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characters are passed as unaltered "particles" from parental generation (P1) to future generations NOT MIXED OR BLENDED!
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What cell division process, meiosis or mitosis, shows Mendel's Law of segregation and why?
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Meiosis because one particle get passed on by mom's egg and the new homologus partner comes from fathers sperm
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Law of independent assortment
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alleles segregate and can pair with any other trait allele
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recessive allel
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one that will be masked or hidden by the presence of another, different allele
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How MUST recessive allelels be expressed?
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homozygotes rr gg etc.
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What is heterozygous?
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different alleles together or different traits such as Rr
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WHat is homozygous?
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the same trait with the same trait such as RR and rr
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the locus is the ________
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address of the trait on the allele
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T or F:
Autosomal dominant can be a carrier? |
False autosomal dominant has to be RR or Rr and carrier is rr only
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autosomal dominant diseases?
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achondroplasia (dwarfism)
Huntingtons |
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Autosomal recessive diseases?
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Born to unaffected parents (aa)
PKU Cystic Fibrosis |
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X-linked recessive diseases?
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almost always males
born to unaffected parents colorblindness Hemophilia Fragile X |
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X-linked dominant disease?
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Coffin Lowery, Pigmenti
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Law of independent assortment
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expression of one trait is independent of the other trait
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What did John Dalton study?
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colorblindness and did a family pedigree
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What did Achibald Garrod study?
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1. Albinism, pentosuria, cystinuria(kidney stones), Alkaptoruria (tyosine dark pee)
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What does pleiotropic traits?
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Gene affects more than one trait
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What is gene flow? 2 examples
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mixes gene pool through the exchange of genes b/w populations
1. migration back and forth 2. hybridization by both pop's fucking |
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WHat is the gene pool
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all the genes and variations in a population
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Major players in diversity and evolution
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John Ray (classification system), Linnaeus (father of taxonomy
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