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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Did Radcliffe-Brown think that functionalism was rooted in biology?
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No- that was Malinowski who thought that different parts of society functioned to meet biological needs
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Who was influenced by Durkheim's "organic analogy?"
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Radcliffe-Brown
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Who wrote "On the Concept of Function in the Social Sciences"
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Radcliffe-Brown
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Who did fieldwork in the Andamen islands, Australia and Africa?
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Radcliffe-Brown
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Who thought that kinship was the basis of social organization for non-Western societies that is best understood through psychology and cultural history?
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Radcliffe-Brown (this refers to the genealogical method)
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Did radcliffe-Brown think that society was unstable?
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No - he thought that it was harmonious and stable (i.e.: synchronic)
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What was a key area of study for Radcliffe-Brown?
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social structure
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Who promoted biocultural functionalism?
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Malinowski
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Who wrote "argonauts of the western pacific"?
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Malinowski
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What important anthropological tenet did Malinowski promote?
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participant-observation
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Who worked in the Trobriand Islands?
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Malinowski
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Who wrote about the Kula ring of exchange?
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Malinowski
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Who was a functionalist?
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Malinowski
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Who gave anthropology a new focus by stressing empirical research and rigorous theory?
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Malinowski
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Was Malinowski against "from magic to science"
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Yes
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Who founded the journal "Ethnology"
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Murdock
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What did Murdock search for among societies (generally)
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Cross-Cultural generalizations
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Who was a cultural materialist?
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White
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Which anthropologists were Neo Cultural Evolutionists?
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Childe, Steward, White
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Who wrote "Science of Culture" and "Evolution of Culture"?
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White
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What is the second law of thermodynamics?
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that the universe is running down into entropy
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Who put forth the layer cake model?
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White
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who 'discovered' both Marx and Morgan?
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White
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Who 'revisited' the Superorganic?
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White
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What did White call his nomothetic study of cultural laws?
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culturology
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Who said there are four major stages of cultural evolution?
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White - tools, neolithic revolution, fossil fuels and atomic energy
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who supported the idea of the primacy of culture over the individual?
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White
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Who thought that the symbol was the basis for culture?
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White
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Where do social and political organizations fit into the layer cake model?
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in the middle - technology is at the bottom and ideology is at the top
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Who is the 'father' of cultural ecology?
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Steward
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Was Steward close to Boas?
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No - distant from him, probably because he was a Neo Cultural Evolutionist
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Who promoted the idea of multilineal evolution? Who promoted unilineal evolution?
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Steward - multilineal
White - unilineal |
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Did Steward agree with White?
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No - he thought White was too extreme, and too general
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What did White dislike about Steward?
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that he was too particular
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Who linked anthropology to nomothetic natural sciences like biology and chemistry
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Steward
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Did Steward think that adaption was key to cultural ecology?
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Yes
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What are the three types of Bands according to Steward?
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Patrilineal, Matrilineal, Composite
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Who demonstrated the regularities in the developmental sequences of civilization in the Western and Eastern Hemispheres?
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Steward
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Who recognized the relationship of sub-cultures to regional and national contexts
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Steward
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Who was a New Archaeologist?
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Childe
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Who wrote "society and knowledge"?
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Childe
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Was Childe American or British?
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sort of trick question - he was Australian born but trained in Britain so British...
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Who disagreed with racial interpretations of prehistory?
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Childe
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Who coined the term 'neolithic revolution'
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Childe
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Who was at the same time a social evolutionist and a diffusionist?
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Childe
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What theoretical position did Richards adhere to?
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Functionalism?
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Who was Richards a student of?
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Malinowski
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Who did work in Zambia with the Bemba?
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Richards
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Who looked at diet and nutrition and at food production?
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Richards
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Who studied the Bemba girls' initiation ceremony?
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Richards
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Who was a symbolic anthropologist?
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Evans-Pritchard
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Did Evans-Pritchard think that anthropology should be studied like a natural science?
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Nope - he thought anthropology belonged in the humanities
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Who did work among the Nuer and Azande?
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Evans-Pritchard
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What does Evans-Pritchard think hat the role of an ethnographer is?
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to act as an interpreter of cultural meaning and history
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Who promoted the concept of cultural relativism and thought that the capacity for a society to have logic was not limited to the western world?
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Evans-Pritchard
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Who is criticized for working in the 'colonial encounter'
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Evans-Pritchard
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Who is best known for their ethnographic monographs?
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Evans-Pritchard
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Did Evans-Pritchard promote theory over ethnography?
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Nope - the other way around - ethnography first. Remember, he was known for his ethnographic monographs
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Who wanted to understand how people accounted for misfortune?
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Evans-Pritchard
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Who wrote "Patterns of Culture"?
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Benedict
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Who did a national character study of Japan (at a distance)
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Benedict
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What three things did Benedict disagree with?
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Freud, ethnocentrism and racism
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Who campaigned against racism?
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Benedict
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Did Benedict describe the personalities of whole cultures, or of individuals?
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Whole cultures - Mead described the latter
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Who thought that concept of race to be 'weak'
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Benedict
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What is one criticism of Benedict?
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that she makes broad generalizations
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According to Benedict, the indiviuals within a culture reflect _________ configuartions.
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Primary
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Who developed methods for analyzing complex modern societies and cultures at a distance?
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Benedict
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What school did Sapir belong to?
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Personality and culture
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Did Sapir think that linguistic studies should look just at Indo-European languages?
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Nope
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Who did fieldwork among the Sarcee and Hopi?
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Sapir
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Who developed linguistic concept of Phonemes?
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Sapir
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Who, in particular, was a historical particularist?
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Lowie
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Who wrote "Primitive Society" and "History of Ethnological Theory"
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Lowie
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Did Lowie agree with Boas?
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Yes, as a student of Boas, he also thought that there was no one determinant of culture
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Who did fieldwork among the Native Americans, especially the Crow?
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Lowie
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Who studied kinship terminologies?
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Lowie
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Did Lowie think that ethnographic data was more important than theory, or the other way around?
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Yes, Lowie thought that ethnographic data was indeed more important than theory
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Which of the anthropologists we've studied were students of Boas?
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Lowie, Sapir, Mead, Benedict, Steward, White and Kroeber
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Which of the anthropologists we've studied were British?
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Radcliffe-Brown, Malinowski, Childe, Evans-Pritchard and Richards
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