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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Social Morphology;
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refers to social structure
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Define social physiology;
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refers to social function
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Define Diachronic;
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This means 'historical' or 'concerned with the past, and change through time'
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Define Synchronic;
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ahistorical; not concerned with change over time.
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Define 'Social Structure' in one word;
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Matrix
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Define Social Function;
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The role individual parts play in maintaining the structural whole;
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Genealogical method;
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In non-Western societies, kinship is the nub, which is best understood through the study of cultural history and psychology;
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Structuralism;
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British social anthropological thought - concern with social structure;
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Functionalism;
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1) Radcliffe-Brown: idea of how the parts of a society contribute to whole of society;
2) Malinowski - culture responds to biological needs in a hierarchical way; |
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Structural-Functionalism;
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the synchronic concern with social structure and social function;
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Organic analogy
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the thought that society is like an organism;
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Folk taxonomies
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culturally conditioned map of a semantic domain;
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Nomothetic
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Generalizing
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Idiographic
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Particularizing
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Cultural Neo-Evolutionism
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20th Century cultural evolutionism
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New Archaeology
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archaeology that is nomothetic
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Culturology
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White's nomothetic study of culture
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Thermodynamics
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the conversion of energy in the universe as it relates to culturology;
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Cognitive anthropology
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concerned with folk taxonomies and semantic domains. It is 'emic'
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Emic
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Inside point of view; derived from the word 'phonemic' which refers to linguitic meaning;
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Etic
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Outsiders point of view; derived from the word 'phonetic' which refers to linguistic sounds;
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis;
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the thought that the mental structure of languages and cultures are correlated; One influences the other and vise versa.
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Semantic domain
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mental domains of cultural meaning; focus of cognitive anthropology
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What is Freudian Anthropology also called?
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Psychodynamic anthropology
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What are 'primary cultural institutions' and what are they also called?
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Primary cultural institutions are those institutions that decide how a child is raised, and they shape one's basic personality. It is also called 'Maintenance Systems' - but note that this latter term excludes Freudian thought
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Secondary Cultural Systems
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also called 'projective systems' = these are the institutions that are projections of basic personality structure which help ppl cope with life (ie: society, politics, religion)
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Basic Personality Structure
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shaped by primary and projected to secondary institutions;
AKA: "Personality Variables" (excludes Freud) |
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What, according to White, are the four stages of cultural evolution?
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tools, the Neolithic Revolution (ie: domestication of plants and animals), fossil fuels, and atomic energy
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Explain the Layer-Cake Model
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White's idea - technology at the bottom, social and political organizations are in the middle, and ideology is at the top.
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Explain White's Thermodynamic Law
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Culture develops as ways to harnass energy are developed and as technology advances.
C = E x T |
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Cultural Ecology
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Interactions between cultural and environmental variables
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Adaptation (as it relates to culture)
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(Cultural ecology) result of cultures adjusting to environments
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Band
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simplest form of social organization (followed by tribe, then chiefdom, then state)
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What is 'entropy'
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Disorder in the universe
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Superorganic
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(Kroeber) Culture distinct from psychology and above biology
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Great Man Theory of History
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the thought that individuals have a greater effect on history that historical circumstances
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configurationalism
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search for cultural patterns
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What is psychological anthropology concerned with?
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the relationships between culture and personality
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Enculturation
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how culture shapes an individual
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Gestalt
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Benedict's idea that each culture has its own personality configuration
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which anthropological theorist studied this term did a national character study of a 'culture-at-a-distance'
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Benedict; Remember that a) WWII was happening, making it near to impossible for Benedict to have traveled to Japan; and b) Benedict found fieldwork hard because of her partial deafness
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What is another name for maintenance systems?
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primary cultural institutions
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What is another name for secondary cultural institutions?
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Projective systems
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What is another name for "basic personality structure"?
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Personality variables
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List a few of the anthropologists who studied:
1) psychological anth; 2) structural-functionalism; 3) Cultural Neo Evolutionism; 4) Functionalist; |
1) Mead, Benedict, Sapir;
2) Radcliffe-Brown; 3) White, Steward, Childe; 4) Malinowski; |