Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Epistemology |
How we know what we think we know, and how we came to know it. The study of knowledge. |
|
|
Empiricism |
The idea that we must experience something to gain knowledge of it. Pioneered by John Locke. Our minds are a blank slate when born. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1689. |
|
|
Replicability |
That a study or experiment can be replicated reliably. Kaplan. |
|
|
Falsifiability |
The ability to prove something as false, created by Popper. |
|
|
Paradigm |
The current scientific set of beliefs that everything fits within, and new paradigms are created when scientific revolution occurs. Today's paradigm is evolution, a past paradigm was biblical creation. |
|
|
Social constructivism |
Group knowledge and the restrictions on how the group can know something within their belief system. A collectively known knowledge within a culture. |
|
|
Cognitive Styles |
Different ways of obtaining knowledge to get to a similar answer. |
|
|
Deduction |
Beginning with a general idea, and through testing and observation, coming upon a specific conclusion. |
|
|
Middle Range Theory |
A tool used to understand smaller aspects within a culture or specific population. Narrow focus. Developed by Malthus and then Binford. |
|
|
Methodology |
How questions are answered using consistency in procedures. Hume. |
|
|
Author of Principles of Geology |
Charles Lyell |
|
|
Two important ideas put forward by Lamarck |
Evolution happened quickly and was passed to offspring via inherited traits. Single origin hypothesis. Vestigal organs may be a type of historical marker for stopping use of organs due to behavior or environment. |
|
|
Associated with the "theory of divine intervention" |
Lewis Henry Morgan |
|
|
Three notable contributions of Karl Marx to Anthropology |
1. Created working social models 2. He theorized as to why societies are created and dissolve 3. Studied sub-cultures of societies. Also, wrote Des Capital in 1848. |
|
|
Author of the Theory of the Earth 1788 |
Hutton, the father of geology |
|
|
A significant contribution of William Chambers Wells |
That skin color was simply an indicator of internal differences that we cannot see, such as disease resistance. |
|
|
Describe two contributions of Adam Ferguson |
1. First person to realize interchangeability 2. Primitive people owned property, and were not superhuman or uncivilized |
|
|
Author of the Essay on the Principle of Population |
Malthus in 1798 |
|
|
A noted American Evolutionist |
Lewis Henry Morgan. |
|
|
What is the importance about Tylor's Researches into the Early History of Mankind? |
He discussed survivals |
|
|
Describe the comparative method |
Collecting data from different cultures and comparing that data to other cultures. It was utilized in describing early man based on cultures visible presently. Pioneered by Pitt Rivers. |
|
|
Author of The Antiquity of Man |
Charles Lyell |
|
|
Prehistoric Times was written by |
Lubbock |
|
|
What is notable about Boas' the Mind of Primitive Man? |
He discussed psychic unity, stating we are all wired the same. Culture is what changed people. |
|
|
Paul Radin wrote a famous work noted for it's emic perspective--it's title is |
Crashing Thunder |
|
|
Define the concept of the "superorganic" |
Pioneered by Durkeim. Emergent culture takes preeminence over the individual |
|
|
The Golden Bough by Sir James Frazer is the first comprehensive study of |
Mystical practices, how mentalities effected culture evolution. This book took on myths and religion. |
|
|
The "mismanagement of resources" is associated with |
Robert Lowie |
|
|
Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America was written by |
Alfred Kroeber |
|
|
Define Graebner's concept of "underinventiveness" |
That certain societies/cultures were only so capable of new thought and innovation. |
|
|
Ancient Society was written by |
Morgan, 1877 |
|
|
The American Indian was published in 1917 by |
Clark Wissler |
|
|
Ratzel might be described as what kind of theorist? |
Cultural geography was a focus of his, and was a motivational force behind the idea of Kulturkreise. Came up with "organic state theory". |
|
|
Kroeber's "Zuni Potsherd" paper introduced what to American archaeology? |
seriation and cross-dating |
|
|
In Fighting Property, Helen Codere critiqued Boas' work concerning what ethnographic group? |
Kwakiutl |
|
|
What book did Paul Radin write that featured an emic perspective? |
Crashing Thunder |
|
|
Who believed skin color could be an indicator of underlying attributes? |
Wells |
|
|
What book did Boas write concerning psychic unity? |
The Mind of Primitive Man |
|
|
What does Lowie's "mismanagement of resources" refer to? |
The Bantu Beef Taboo in Africa, milking cows in China...essentially rejecting available resources due to taboo |
|
|
What did Frazer write that discussed myths and religion? |
The Golden Bough |
|
|
Clark Wissler introduced what concept? |
Age area concept |
|
|
What is age area concept? |
A diffusion idea that states the cultural traits and materials in a center of distribution are newest, and the further from that point the older they are. The age of cultural traits can be determined by their geographic location. Clark Wissler. |
|
|
What important concept did Mason come up with, that was further used by Kroeber and Wissler? |
Culture area |
|
|
Helen Codere wrote what book criticizing Boas? |
Fighting and Property |
|
|
Who came up with "superorganic" concept? |
Durkheim |
|
|
Malthus was known for.. |
Economics, population growth and pointed out what keeps populations in check and either inhibits growth or helps spur growth. |
|
|
Who was responsible for the HRAF |
George Peter Murdock |
|
|
Primitive Society was written by... |
Robert Lowie |
|
|
Name two universal historians |
Turgot and Condorcet |
|
|
Who criticized Murdock's use of statistics |
Harold Driver |
|
|
Who wrote Essay on Principles of Population? |
Thomas Malthus |
|
|
Which book by Tylor discussed animism? |
Primitive Culture |
|
|
What is the difference between Radcliffe-Brown and Malinowski? |
Radcliffe-Brown was unilinear while Malinowski was multilinear. Radcliffe-Browns approach was geared more towards society as a whole, while Malinowski focused on the nuclear family and the role it played. |
|
|
Who said technology is not a primary driver in cultural progression? |
Adam Ferguson |
|
|
Who came up with ExT=C? |
Leslie White |
|
|
What is Julian Steward most known for? |
Definition of bands, in 1936 Economics and Social Basis for Bands. Expanded upon White's equation and demonstrated his ideas further. Multilinear evolutionist. |
|
|
What is important in Antiquity of Man? |
Lyell discussed human evolution and challenged the church. |
|
|
Who wrote Patterns of Culture? |
Ruth Benedict |
