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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cameron Form
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• Verbal Hygiene for women
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Cameron Terms to know:
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Terms to know:
• Self-Help books • Verbal Hygiene • Female Identity • Talking Like a Man • Workplace • Feminist Hygiene • Indirect vs. Indirect ndexicality o Probably won’t need to know o Deine what talking like a man is according to Cameron o But if he says Define direct indexicality and give three examples of the way it is used • Becoming aware of the important tems might help you think of the recurring themses in the anthropology |
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Cameron Form:
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Assertive Language by females in the workplace
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Cameron Function:
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o Theoretically: To signal their intelligence and ability to work in a male
o Real Life: It inadvertently marks them as an in-group marker |
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Cameron Evidence used Other people’s books
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• Does Cmaeron bgo tand read every self-help book?
• No, kind justwent there and said that she read them • Read a bunch of self-help books • Comment: Wasn’t just books too, right? Had like programs to help out? • Maybe. Okay, if you are in doubt, by all means go check it out. At least know you know what to look for. |
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How Cameron relates
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o We have the evidence
• Different ideologies • Conficting ideologies about what women should and shouldn't do • Should theysay what they are doing • Not tolerated by other people, not tolerated when they are even try to please those other people • Are the ideologies a bout talking like a man effective? If you talk like a man, you will be accepted These ideolgoes in the self-help book, they say that if you tlka like a man, you will be accepted These ideologies are not effective because you have to educae the man too • Comment: The men have to be wilng to accept the women into the world • In relation to the concept of business, do these ideologies correctly or incorrectly • Do you informatively or naively make assumptions about the contetxt where these will be put into use? Comment: Ideologies aren’t necessarily consisten with thei work ability? Does really demonstrate anything about them beinga good worker • Doesn’t take into account how men feel about this • These are contextually naïve and puts a serious hamper on their effectiveness • Yes yes? • One other thing thought was kind of interesting to note is that a lot f the time, you have these linguistic anthropologist pointing out a roblem • Labov talks about how these kids aren’t doing so well in the school • They sit there and be silent • A lot of them point out a problem o Do many of them propose a solution? NNo. In relation to the problem, they’re forcing them to change |
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Cameron What is the problem with the first
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• Women don’t function well in the workplace
Solution, you talk like a man Cameron tears down the solution Some linguistic anthropologist will give solutions Doesn’t do that often a Does give an appreciation in this course is that if you ever reading one these papers or watching politics It is really ahrd to point out a problem • Hard topiot out a solution • Give them a grin of salt o In academics and politics, that is one fact you will see in linguistic anthropology |
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Collins Purpose
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o There is a problem with kids coming to college
• They tried to respect eeveryone’s right • That is a stid solution that doesn’t work • I don’t have a beter solution for you • He has a solution and kind of points to the status quo and says to do so • Collins does the same thing that Cameron does |
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Collins Terms
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o Standard Enlgish
o Non-standard Enlgihs o Basic or regular English class |
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Collins Forms
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o There is the class where kids are ltaught where theyrir linguistic style should be valued and toleartaed
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Collins Function
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o To be tolerant and provide a solution to this
o The form is the class o The form is the class o Form is The form of the basic class, the function is to solve the problem of kids who can’t write |
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Collins Result
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o The kids go through the class
o Your linguistic style gets style • They go to other classes and fail becaue they can’t write standard English • So what is the evidence that Coollins gives Test cores and grades Extensive Emprical evidence • A little of ethnographic evidence from interviewing people Hwoever, the ajority is one his empirical dta Will find mixes of both kinds of evidence If you look at Chun, though she had a recording where they said 22 ya’lls Mostly empirical and just has an ethnographic to give it a “I was there, touchy felly” touch • Dominant ideology of tolerance If you want to value tolerance but you need to be effective Lingua franc which is standard English for communication to take place It also shows that in terms of real world • How the majority culture owrks • Even strongest supported ideologies don’t work really well because they are equally usupported by everything else • Yes, you can say that we value the wa that you write • But in the ned, tit is not really effective |
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Collins Purpose
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• All langauges can esentailly communicate the same thing
In linguistic that is bad So as I menitoed before, there is a example ofwhere solution was tested He never proposes another solution • Basically, if you want to do it write, you have to make them earn English • That is not being tolerant • The problem is only rmaed in realtedon to the tolerant • Being intolerant is against the politically correct against the political ideologies that frame their practice |
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Kroskity
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Linguistic purism in Arizona Tewa culture
o Lanugage that they don’t mix • Comment: They recognize that in ther own culture • Ideology that you don’t mix with Don’t you mix Code switching Tewa havea verystrong ideology that they • Comment: They use other languages to incorporate • From the hundresd of yeas of |
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Kroskity Terms that need to be identified
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• Tewa
• Kiva ceremony • Lanage conservation/ purism - Whatever that is |
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Kroskity form
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• Studing the oler male style speec used in the Kiiva ceremony
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Kroskity function of language
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• Keeping their traditions
• Becomes the idea language for the community • It is a relfection of thir stonrgest identiy iwhich is cultural purism which says that keeping it there • Serves to keep it there • You have this form • I gues there are two type of forms here There is the literal form Kroskity has two arguments • 1. Lniguistc form, which is this language • 2. Function- to keep this tradition alive through the ceremony o Keep their cultural ideologies intact and so on and so forth • Linguitic purity Second argument is about the form of linguistic purity that is a form The function is then • The other neighbors enslaved by Spaniards o Disbursed d and died out o Learned other langauges o The Hopi are also most there, but the kind of assimilated and they are a bigger goup o For he other roups that are near them, none of them are there anymore o Absorved into American culture o What they attribute their existence as a cultural group due to linguistic purity o You keep this language pure o Keep our culture intact o Keep our cultural language distinct and survive as a community o That is what Kroskity is claiming that htye are claminig |
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Kroskity What was his evidencve?
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• Ethnogrpahic
o What did he do? o He observed ceremonies, observed whippings when people borke it o Stuyd of neighboring langugages that did or dinot absorb into Spanish culture He has an interesting point which you an ink back to the lquesiton aboutideolgies conficting with each other • On one hand you have the Tewa • We’re only using our language • We’re not using anyone else’s language • They’re being elitist o Kroskity says not racist, elitist or but instead multiculrual o Cultrally pure because they know other languges o They take the tie to learn other languages well • You wouldn’t do that unless you were intesred in them, but they just don’t mix them together • That’s not elitist, right? There youh have the other two ideologies o He also has one more reason why he doesn’t consider them to be racist or elitist • During the ceremony when youa are supposed to be using that stylistic speech • Code switching is okay in inforl settings, never okay in formal settings But doesn’t that contradict their linguistic purism theory? Why do they do it? There are always going to be contradictions You will have disagreemnts • Comment: So ulture is never erally simle Do they believe in linguistic purism in everday speech They don’t like innovation in their language geneally, but they use code switching |
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Kroskity Relation to Frame
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o One other reason to suppor t his own conclusion
• Weren’t being racist beacasuse… Comment: Purism appeared before other cultural influences But these guys had the concept in their own terms beore the Europeans • Trying to label it according to Eurpean cultre would be inaccurate o It’s not racist because they don’t view it as racist |
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4 auhors defending minority
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Hill defeind Spanish speakers
LippiGreen defending non-standard English Puckett defending Melungeon Chun defending Asian-Americans |
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Puckett article subject
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Interacial mixing between blacks, melungeon
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Puckett article details
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Used sacred speech
• Used a religious style of speech • People who have mixd heritage • Appalachia o Interior southeast o Appalachia o Wante to reject the African part of their heritage and • Even though they are celebrating their heritage, they are not saying that they are part-black o Stigmatized minority o Don’t want to be associated with another more stigmatized minority group of the blacks • Melungeon Identity Where the Hillbilly belt meets the Bible Belt • Comparing Family lines Compare genealogy to each other • Witnessing is what they were talking about Act by which you as a Christain • Give an explanation of god and Jessus to spread this message • In witnessing, they use it to recount andom events that happen • Ones that they think are • Author gives one example of the story were • The stwoman who ais at a cultural fair • She had a booth • She was itting at the booth • HadSoul was there was watching her o Litle lady came to talk to her o This is awesome o Amazing spirituaual personal moment there o This is witnessing o Telling a story in that kind of way o UTelling that way |
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• What is the form that Puckett is styding
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She is studying two linguistic formal functional regularities
Formal functional regulariites Forms: • Discussing heritage • Witness |
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Function of Melungeons in Puckett
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In-group markers
• Comparing genealogy • Recounting tales using th o In-group markers for being melungeon o Hillbillies or rednecks who happen to be mixed heriage and live in southwestern Appalachia o Same function to indicate as in-group markers o Melungeons can identify each other |
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Puckett Evidence
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Pretty much ethnographic
• Saw this happen • Interviewed and physically recorded o Physical evidence that she had |
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Puckett why did Glick have you read this?
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You can do a lot worse than by looking at Glick’s mappings
Why did Glick include this article Shows tolerane for minorties for these peole Advocating tolerance • Is tolerance a good thing? o In this article she appeals to this o You should be tolerant because you should be tolerant • She is defending minority rights o She is sticking up for minority rights Any other Used to gain repsect • They did in the past fifty years • Melungeons have begun to become normal white people anyways • Theyy are trying to win respect from all of the other people in the areas to win over what they • Why is it good that you are accepted theway that you area, because it is a good thing • Does this author have any o On those two dimensions • Is this worser or gooder • Pucketts makes a more evidence • Some authority to claim expert status Use value It is stronger than If someone was going to • Target audience Explain why they act the way they act That pretty miuch cvers it We might think of other things as we go along For now we’re pretty good |
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Chun purpose
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• Nonconformist
o Tick it to the white man |
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What are some of the improtnat terms to be defined in Chun
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• AAVE
African American Vernacular English • Imagined AAVE E imagine how AAVE they speak • Model Minority Image Will hear that so many times you want to stab them They don’t give problems as much as they used to • Disadvantaged • They have successfully integrated into society Ideology that Korean-American • They are modles they become economically successful • They on part with the • The form she is studying is the use of AAVE by Korean-American |
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Chun forms
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AAVE, CRAAVE
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Chun functions
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Indexes
• Being cool • Stick it to the man • Heterosexual • In-group marker There are two hours total • Ethnographic • That specifically would be empirical, but would be ethnographic for those exceptions |
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o What is important about this article?
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• Tolerance for Korean-American
• Shouldn’t stereotype them • 1One of the very first instances where she got in front of the class and said it was bad anthropology Not very comeplleing Her conclusins not vey strongly supported She is saying that a Korean-American uses AAVE term tey must be doing one of these functions By the odds probably not true Do ou remember in Hill’s article • Dual indexicality is Directly, They’re using the language in one group to achieve a purpose • To seem smart Indirectly, they are using it as part of the language, but coverty they are using it to be reacist Based on a negative image • You are relying • Directly, they are If dual indexicality is true You can lok at this article and see that Koreans using Black speaking • Not Spanish • They have a direct indexical function to say that we’re cool and hetrosexual, white and proud of it • But Hill would say that in doing so, she is still relying on these negative stereoytpes to do so |
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Chun’s point of view
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o Asian-Americans use AAVE to perform the function of making themselves seem masculine, non-passive non-minority model image
o KoreanAmerican men use AAVe to oppose and break the minority model image |
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• A World of Differnences
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o Cultural Miscommuncation
• Miscommunication is “foregrounding” |
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Terms we need to find in Video
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• Cultural Miscommunication/ Foregrounding
Technical description Using the temrs from the frame Always gets you good points on the short answers in this class |
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Forms in Video
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intercultural foregrounding
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Video Function
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• Miscommuncation
• Functional misunderstandings • Embarrassed t, offended, traumatized for life possibly |
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• What kind of evidence is used?
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Interviews
Testimoials Ethnographic No empirical evidence nthevideo |
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• The whole message of the video
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Indexes the liberal identity of the people who made the video
Are the other authors maybe indexing their liberalness? Why else would they stick up for the mioity gourps? If you are tolerant, |
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Why show the video?
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o They had this assumption that tolerance is a good thing
• Tolerance is a good thing • It is a ideology all of the way down • Not really a good argument • So actually let’s talk abot it • Is this a good argument • Owe much effort they went to get their evidence o Does it give a new way of seeing things? • You could be tolerant and not be • On a whole, not really o If someone followd that advice, there are difference between you and another culture • If you ask a lot of questions • You will be ready for whateve happens • However does this video propose a solution Not really supported, but it does try • That is all that can be proposed about this video |
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Bucholtz Terms
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• AAVE
• SuperStandard English • Nerd |
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Terminology social understand
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Uinsg technical when not needed
• Start using in everday life • What is the form that she is studying Use of super-standard English |
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Bucholtz Functions
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To separate whites and African-Americans
Makes them seem more intelligent compared to their peers • Overachievers • Using this language, they separate themselves • Use it to in their own way seem cool • To seem more intelligent than they really are |
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What kind of evidence does Bucholtz use?
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• Ethnographic interview
• Listens to them in the hallway • Spesnds a lot of time in the school Questions 1, 2 3 or 4 Why is this article significant Tolerance Defending minority group of nerds Indexing her own liberal ideology • Not finding any solutions of nerds being picked on |
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Relation of Bucholtz to other articles?
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They were linguistic purity
• They were very strict about not incorporating their language • Racist, but about them • Kroskity claims • Could you use linguistic purity to descrive nerdom in Bucholtz? o They don’t like o Tewaare racist o They think that they are bête than everyone else o In Krosiy o He says that Tewa being linguistically pure and being kind of snobby but the’re not racist because • They do take tie to learn other langues • The just don’t mix languages • ThWhile they do this, they are not racist • They are racist • Elitist • Use lingijstc prity like Bucholtz does Buhotz says they are pretty much beig elitist |
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1. It is significant that in the evidence the nerds said
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• Both the nerds and the non-nerds agreed who were nerdsa and non-nerds
• Both in-groups and out-groups identified themselves as such • As oppose to say the Melungeons as a in-group marker • Identity movement because not really care Both nerds and non-nerds can identify who they are |
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2. Interplay with the majority and minroti y and using forms from the other groups
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They are either __ or ___
Tolerant or racist If you have a normal person who when interacting with these Tolerant and interacting on there own level Or they are being racist What ifa nerd in the minroti y usiese a majority They’re perceived a sellout Majority would see them as a wanabe, phony and fake |
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Identity 3 authors who propose problems, not
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• Collins proposes this, but does not propose solutions
- Hill finds covert racist language in mock spanish, but provides no solution for it - Lippi-Green finds a hidden bias in Disney movies intended for children, but offers no solution |