Anterior Triangle Of The Neck

Front 1

level of hyoid bone in anterior neck?

Back 1

C3

Front 2

level of thyroid cartilage in anterior neck?

Back 2

C4-C5

Front 3

level of cricoid cartilage in anterior neck?

Back 3

C6

Front 4

level of isthmus of thyroid gland?

Back 4

level of 2nd through 4th tracheal rings

Front 5

level of bifurcation of common carotid artery?

Back 5

C3/C4

Front 6

what things are at the vertebral level CVI?

Back 6

-arch of cricoid cartilage

-superior end of esophagus

-superior end of trachea

Front 7

major structures that ___can be accessed through the anterior triangle of the neck?

Back 7

major structures that pass b/w the head and thorax

Front 8

the posterior triangle is associated with what structures?

Back 8

structures that pass to the upper limb

Front 9

what muscle separates the anterior from the posterior triangle?

Back 9

the sternocleidomastoid m

Front 10

fascia of the neck is made up of what two main divisions of cervical fascia?

Back 10

-superficial cervical fascia

-deep cervical fascia

Front 11

what is in the superficial cervical fascia?

Back 11

cutaneous nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, fat, platysma muscles

Front 12

the platysma muscle lies in the?

Back 12

in the superficial cervical fascia

Front 13

superior and inferior attachment of the platysma muscle?

Back 13

superior-- blends with muscles of facial expression

inferior-- fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles

Front 14

innervation of the platysma muscle?

Back 14

cervical branch of the facial nerve

-supraclavicular nerves (from C3 and C4 cervical plexus) pierce it to innervate skin

Front 15

what are the four longitudinal compartments of the neck?

Back 15

-visceral: digestive, respiratory, endocrine glands

-vertebral: cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, nerves, muscles

-two vascular: major blood vessels, vagus n.

Front 16

deep cervical fascia of the neck components?

Back 16

-investing

-pretracheal

-prevertebral

-2 carotid sheaths?

Front 17

in the carotid sheath, how are the structures arranged?

Back 17

-interolateral: the internal jugular vein (taking up the most space)

-medial: common carotid a.

-posterior: vagus n.

Front 18

the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia splits to enclose the ___, attaching posteriorly to __?

Back 18

splits to enclose the sternocleidomastoid, trapezium muscles, attaching posteriorly to ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes

-anteriorly: surrounds the infrahyoids

Front 19

anteriorly, the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia splits at the __to create the__?

Back 19

splits at the manubrium to create the suprasternal space

Front 20

the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia encloses?

Back 20

the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus

Front 21

the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia begins superiorly at ___and ends inferiorly in__?

Back 21

-begins superiorly at the hyoid bone and ends inferiorly in the thorax blending with the fibrous pericardium of the heart

-blends laterally with the carotid sheaths

Front 22

posteriorly, the pretracheal fascia is referred to as the?

Back 22

as the buccopharyngeal fascia

Front 23

buccopharyngeal fascia (posteriorly what the pretracheal fascia of the deep cervical fascia) begins superiorly at___and ends inferiorly in__?

Back 23

superiorly at the base of the skull and ends inferiorly in the thoracic cavity

Front 24

what is the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia?

Back 24

tubular sheath wrapping the vertebral column and associated muscles

Front 25

where does the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia extends from___with__?

Back 25

-extends from the base of the cranium to thorax as 2 layers with a space between them containing loose CT

Front 26

the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia extends __surrounding the brachial plexus and axillary vessels as the?

Back 26

extends laterally, as the axillary sheath

Front 27

what is the carotid sheath?

Back 27

a tubular column of fascia extending from the cranial base to the root of the neck

Front 28

contents of the carotid sheath?

Back 28

-common carotid and internal carotid arteries

-internal jugular vein

-vagus n.

-also some deep cervical lymph nodes, sympathetic nerve fibers

Front 29

pretracheal fascial space?

Back 29

between the investing layer of cervical fascia and the pretracheal fascia, which passes between the neck and the anterior part of the superior mediastinum

Front 30

retropharyngeal fascial space?

Back 30

between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia, which extends from the base of the skull to the upper part of the posterior mediastinum

Front 31

third fascial space?

Back 31

within prevertebral layer covering the anterior surface of the transverse processes and bodies of the cervical vertebrae; this layer splits into two laminae (anterior lamina is "alar" fascia) to create a fascial space that begins at base of skull and extends through the posterior mediastinum to diaphragm

Front 32

alar fascia?

Back 32

_

Front 33

several spaces exist between cervical fascial planes that can?

Back 33

can provide routes for the spread of infection

Front 34

at what level does the alar fascia fuse with the buccopharyngeal fascia (posterior portion of pretracheal layer)?

Back 34

T4

Front 35

the anterior triangle can be further subdivided into?

Back 35

-submandibular/digastric triangle

-superior carotid triangle

-submental triangle (unpaired)

-inferior carotid/muscular triangle

Front 36

roof of the anterior triangle?

Back 36

formed by superficial fascia and the platysma muslce

Front 37

floor of the anterior triangle?

Back 37

formed by fascia covering the pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

Front 38

muscles in the anterior triangle of the neck can be grouped according to? they are?

Back 38

-to their location relative to the hyoid bone

-suprahyoid muscles: stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

-infrahyoid muscles: omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Front 39

what are the suprahyoid muscles of the anterior triangle? and their innervation?

Back 39

-stylohoid (facial n.)

-digastric posterior belly (facial)

-digastric anterior belly (mylohyoid n. from inferior alveolar branch of V3)

-mylohyoid m (mylohyoid branch)

-geniohyoid (C1 anterior ramus branch via hypoglossal)

Front 40

function of the suprahyoid muscles of the anterior triangle?

Back 40

elevate the hyoid, some lower the mandible when hyoid is fixed from below

Front 41

what are the infrahyoid muscles of the anterior triangle? and what is there innervation?

Back 41

-sternohyoid

-omohyoid

-sternothyroid

innervation: anterior rami of C1-3 via ansa cervicalis

-thyrohyoid

innervation: anterior rami of C1 via hypoglossal n

Front 42

function of the infrahyoid muscles of the anterior triangle?

Back 42

muscles depress the hyoid bone

Front 43

branches of the external carotid artery?

Back 43

-superior thyroid

-ascending phyarngeal

-lingual

-facial

-occipital

-posterior auricular

-superficial temporal

-maxillary

Front 44

the common or external carotid artery can be palpated where?

Back 44

in the anterior triangle of the neck

-common carotid-- posterolateral to larynx

-external carotid- immediately lateral to pharynx

Front 45

pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Back 45

-emerges deep to the styloid process, passes b/w internal and external carotid arteries (sends sensory branches to carotid sinus and pharynx)

-passes across lateral border of stylopharyngeus and innervates it

-continues anteriroly, deep to hyoglossus, to reach base of tongue and palatine tonsil

Front 46

__passes across lateral border of stylopharyngeus m. and innervates it?

Back 46

glossopharyngeal n.

Front 47

the vagus nerves enter the ___and descend through the neck ___to__and___to__?

Back 47

enter the carotid sheath

-medial to internal jugular and posterior to carotid arteries

Front 48

the vagus nerve sends branches to?

Back 48

pharynx (motor), carotid body, superior laryngeal nerve, possibly a cardiac branch

Front 49

the carotid sinus has___that do what? it is primarily innervated by?

Back 49

-carotid sinus has baroreceptors that react to changes in arterial blood pressure

-primarily innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve via the carotid sinus nerve ; also gets some from vagus nerve

Front 50

what is the carotid body? what is it innervated by?

Back 50

-is a mass located on the deep side of the bifurcation near the carotid sinus that is a chemoreceptor that monitors level of oxygen in blood

-innervated by glossopharyngeal n. via the carotid sinus n. and also the vagus n.

Front 51

where is the accessory nerve in the neck? and what does it innervate?

Back 51

accessory nerve descends medial to the internal jugular vein then crosses its lateral surface deep to SCM m.

-innervated SCM and trapezius

Front 52

what are the branches of the accessory nerve in the anterior triangle?

Back 52

there are no branches in the anterior triangle

Front 53

path of the hypoglossal nerve?

Back 53

-crosses b/w internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery; hooks around the occipital a.

-passes deep to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid m.

-crosses hyoglossus, disappears deep to mylohyoid

-no branches in anterior triangle on route to tongue

Front 54

the transverse cervical nerve is a branch of?

Back 54

branch of the cervical plexus containing C2, C3 fibers

Front 55

transverse cervical nerve path? innervates?

Back 55

-loops around SCM to provide sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior triangle

Front 56

ansa cervicalis innervates?

Back 56

_

Front 57

boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

Back 57

superiorly: inferior border of mandible

posteirorly: posterior belly of digastric m

anteriorly: anterior belly of the digastric m

floor: mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

Front 58

what does the hypoglossal n. do in the submandibular triangle?

Back 58

descends, passes forward on the superficial surface of the hyoglossus muscle and then continues anteriorly deep to the mylohyoid muscle

Front 59

boundaries of the carotid triangle?

Back 59

posterior belly of the digastric muscle, superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid m

floor: parts of thyrohyoid, hyoglossus and inferior and middle constrictor muscles

Front 60

contents of the carotid triangle?

Back 60

carotid sheath with its contents, branches of external carotid artery, tributaries of internal jugular vein, hypoglossal nerve, and roots of ansa cervicalis

Front 61

the superior and inferior roots of the ansa cervicalis usually lie within?

Back 61

within the carotid sheath or is embedded in the anterolateral sheath

Front 62

location of vagus nerve in the carotid sheath?

Back 62

lies posteriorly between the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery

Front 63

in general the superior root of the ansa cervicalis is from___that travel with ___?

Back 63

is from branches of the 1st and 2nd cervical nerves that travel with the hypoglossal nerve for a short distance and then form the superior root

Front 64

the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis is from branches of?

Back 64

of the 2nd and 3rd cervical nerves

Front 65

boundaries of the submental triangle?

Back 65

hyoid bone inferiorly and anterior bellies of both digastric muscles

*it is small and unpaired

Front 66

contents of the submental triangle?

Back 66

submental lymph nodes and tributaries of the anterior jugular vein

Front 67

contents of the muscular triangle?

Back 67

-infrahyoid muscles

-thyroid gland

-parathyroid glands

-pharynx

Front 68

boundaries of the muscular triangle?

Back 68

hyoid bone superiorly, the superior belly of the omohyoid m, and the anterior border of the SCM, and midline of the neck

Front 69

thyroid gland produces?

Back 69

thyroid hormone

Front 70

two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by?

Back 70

by a isthmus; sometimes, a pyramidal lobe exists (remnant of the thyroglossal duct)

Front 71

blood supply of thyroid gland?

Back 71

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Front 72

location of the parathyroid gland? function?

Back 72

-lie on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

-there are usually 4 of them

-they produce PTH

Front 73

during a thyroidectomy, what nerve could be damaged? also care is taken to?

Back 73

-the laryngeal nerves

-care is taken to retain the parathyroid glands

Front 74

the parathyroid glands typically lie on the ___?

Back 74

the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

Front 75

right recurrent laryngeal n. loops around?

Back 75

around the subclavian a

Front 76

left recurrent laryngeal n. loops around?

Back 76

arch of the aorta