Anterior & Medial Thigh

Front 1

What direction do limb buds rotate? when?

Back 1

Medially
7th wk

Front 2

What bone has the popiteal fossa

Back 2

femur

Front 3

What two bones have the major articulation in the knee joint?

Back 3

Femur
Tibia

Front 4

Which bone/s have medial/lateral condyles
Which bones have medial/lateral epicondyles

Back 4

Condyles: femur and tibia (its the articular surface, the tibia has an intercondylar eminence

Epicondyles: femur

Front 5

Where it the intertrocanteric line?

Back 5

on the post surface of the femur, btwn the greater and lesser trochanter. The quadratus femoris attaches here

Front 6

What bones have a bicondylar angle?

Back 6

the femur
knock knees

Front 7

what bone has a gluteal tueberosity

Back 7

the superior post aspect of the femur shaft

Front 8

where is the adductor tubercle

Back 8

medial side of the femur

Front 9

Wher is the linea Aspera

Back 9

on teh post aspect of the femur

Front 10

Where is the anterolateral (Gredys) Tubercle. what inserts here?

Back 10

The IT bands attachment

its located in the tibia lust below the lateral condyle

Front 11

Where does the quadracep attach? (what mm?

Back 11

the tibial tuberosity

Vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis

Front 12

Name the layers of deep fascia of the LE that are continuous. Give a function

Back 12

Body: Scarpa's/Colle's
Thigh: Fascia Lata
Knee: popiteal Fascia
Leg: Crural Fascia

**Functions to hold mm in during contraction and prevent bulging

**deep fascia is also continuous with investing fascia of mm (expecet a name change!)

Front 13

What is the superior fascial opening called? What layer of fascia is it in? what structure runs through it? What does it function as?

Back 13

saphenous opening
fascia lata
lets great saphenous vein merge with the femoral V
*connects superficial and deep venous drainage

Front 14

Where is the common attachemnt for the intramuscular septa the divides the thigh into compartments? What fascia is the intramuscular septa continuous with?

Back 14

Linea Aspera
Fascia Lata (deep)

Front 15

What is the action, innervation and blood supply for the ant, post, and medial compartments of the thigh

**blood supply has overlap, just generally

Back 15

Anterior: flex hip, extend knee, Femoral A, Femoral N

Posterior: extend hip, flex knee, Deep A of the thigh, Sciatic N (tibial branch, anterior small division)

Medial: adductors, Obturator A, Obturator N

Front 16

What does the femoral N do?

Back 16

L2-L4
anterior thigh
flex hip
extend knee

Front 17

What are the mm of the anterior thigh

Back 17

Iliopsoas
sartorius
gracillis
quadraceps: rectus femoris, vastus med/lat/intermed
Pectineus

Front 18

Iliopsoas

Back 18

combo of iliacus and psoas major
inserts on lesser trochanter
Hip flexor
Lateral rotation

Front 19

Sartorius
actions
innervations

Back 19

hip flexor, abduction, lateral rotation
Femoral N

Front 20

What is the main extensor of the leg? what innervates it?

Back 20

QUADS! Vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
Femoral N

Front 21

What is the only portion of the quads that crosses the hip? where does it attach? what implication does this have on motion? Where do the other quads attach? Distally where do they attach

Back 21

The rectus femoris attaches to the AIIS so it will act to flex the hip. The rest of the quads attach on the femur shaft and so only extend the knee. The distal attachment is on the tibial tuberosity

Front 22

Name the tendons that connect the quads to the leg

Back 22

rectus femoris tendon, quadracep tendon, patella, patellar ligament
The patellar tendon actually inserts on the tuberosity, it is a continuation of the quadraceps tendon

Front 23

The patella
bone type?
found where?
Fx (2)?
Knee Reflex tests what N level?

Back 23

sesamoid
in quad tendon
protection and leverage for leg extension
L4

Front 24

Pectineus
compartment?
action?
innervation

Back 24

anterior thigh
adduction
femoral N

Front 25

Tell me about the femoral N? Where does it branch from, where does it course, and what does it supply?

Back 25

It is the LARGEST branch from the lumbar plexus (in the psoas major) branches from L2-L4. It enters the ant thigh deep to the ingiunal lig. It supplies motor to the mm of the anterior thigh (except psoas major. It gives sensory to the majority of the anterior thigh. It branches into the saphenous N where it gives motor to ________ and sensory to the anterior leg via saphenous

Front 26

What dermatomes innervate the anterior thigh

Back 26

L1-L3

Front 27

The external iliac branches into...

Back 27

the femoral a and the deep femoral a

Front 28

Name the course of the femoral a? what does it supply? does it run with any other structure?

Back 28

The external iliac branches into the deep femoral a and the femoral a at the inguinal ligament. The femoral A supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh. It runs anteromedially (superficial). At the adductor hiatus it becomes the popiteal A. It runs with the femoral N

Front 29

How can you block the femoral A? What is the femoral A used for?

Back 29

push btwn the ASIS and pubic symphisis to block it.

Used for cannulation, pulse,

Front 30

The deep a of the thigh
course, branch, supply

Back 30

the external iliac branches into the femoral A at the inguinal ligament, the deep a of the thigh (deep femoral a). The deep a of the thigh supplies all 3 thigh compartments via its 3 branches. 1. perforating branches 2 medial circumflex femoral 3. lateral circumflex femoral

Front 31

What are the 3 branches of the deep a of the thigh. What does the deep a of the thigh branch from

Back 31

its a branch of the femoral a

its branches are
1. perforating branches
2. medial circumflex femoral
3. lateral circumflex femoral

Front 32

The deep A of the thigh
A branch of what?
Gives off what branches?

Back 32

deep A of the thigh comes off of the femoral A
gives medial/lateral circumflex femoral a which supply the head of the femur and perforating branchesthat enter the posterior compartment

Front 33

what a pierces the adductor magnus?

Back 33

perforating branches from the deep a of the thigh. They enter the post compartment

Front 34

What is the anatomical relationship btwn the circumflex femoral a and the iliopsoas/pectinues

Back 34

medial circumflex courses btwn iliopsoas and pectineus

Front 35

what are the anastamosing a at the head of the femur?

Back 35

medial and lateral circumflex femoral a (branches from the deep a of the thigh)

Front 36

do the veins in the LE have valves? What vein contains the majorit of their valves in a specific portion of the LE, name the specific part?

Back 36

yes
The great saphenous has most all of its veins in the leg 'calf'

Front 37

name the two major tributaries of the femoral v? To where do they drain

Back 37

1. great saphenous (joins superficial to deep at 2. saphenous opening)
Deep Vein of the thigh

**the femoral vein (made when great saphenous and deee vein of the thigh join) drains into the external iliac

Front 38

where can you cannulate to enter the R side of the heart?

Back 38

the femoralV

Front 39

Does the great saphenous course medially or laterally

Back 39

medially

**comes from MDVA

Front 40

Name a vein in the LE that does NOT have an analogous A

Back 40

great saphenous V

**arises from MDVA

Front 41

What does the medial dorsal venous arch give rise to?

Back 41

great saphenous vein

Front 42

What can the great saphenous vein be used for?

Back 42

arises from MDVA and drains into the femoral through the saphenous opeining.

Used for coronary a graft! Flip the valves around!

Front 43

When is the great saphenous distended? When is it hard to see?

Back 43

Distended due to gravity-Varicose Veins
Hard to see in babies and obese

Front 44

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Back 44

Blood is stagnant and pools to create a clot, causes edema, can break off into an embolism

Front 45

What goup of mm are in teh medial thigh?

Back 45

ADductors

Front 46

What N innervates the medial thigh?

Back 46

Obturator

Post: sciatic
Ant: femoral

Front 47

name the mm of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Back 47

Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis

Front 48

Adductor Longus
insertion?

Back 48

inserts on the distal linea aspera (attached to pubic tubercle)

**can be seen anteriorly inferior to pectineus

Front 49

What is the relationship btwn adductor longus and brevis?

Back 49

Brevis is deep to longus.

Inserts on the top of the linea aspera

Front 50

Adductor Magnus
compartment?
parts?

Back 50

medial compartment
adductor part & hamstring part

Front 51

Adductor Magnus!
compartment?
Components

Back 51

Largest mm in medial compartment
Made of the adductor part and the hamstring part

Front 52

Describe the differnces btwn the adductor part of adductor magnus and the hamstring part

Back 52

ADDUCTOR: adducts thigh, flex hip, obturator N

HAMSTRING: from the ischial tuberosity to the adductor tubercle, adducts thigh, EXTENDS hip (DUH! its a hamstring), sciatic N (tibial division)

Front 53

what is the relationship btwn adductor longus, brevis, magnus

Back 53

all are in the medial compartment
Longus: superior (just below pectineus)
Brevis: just under longus
Magnus: deep to longus and brevis

Front 54

What is the common insertion for the hamstrings? What is a mm in the medial compartment that acts as a hip extendor?

Back 54

The hamstring portion of the adductor magnus

Front 55

In what mm is the adductor hiatus? What happens at the adductor hiatus?

Back 55

in the hamstring part of the adductor magnus
The femoral a changes name to popiteal

Front 56

Gracilis
location, description, action, insertion

Back 56

most medial mm
long and slender
weak mm that helps sartorius and semitendinosus (___________) **pes _____ insertion on the medial side of the tibia

often used in transplantation

Front 57

what mm is kinda weak so its used often in transplantation

Back 57

gracilis

Front 58

Obturator A
what does it supply?
what is a cool branch? what ligament is this branch in?

Back 58

it supplies its 'nearest neighbor; adductor mm and head of femur
Artery to the head of the femur is a branch from obturator, it is in the ligament to the head of the femur

Front 59

what branch off of the anterior internal iliac supplies the head of the femur

Back 59

the obturator
its branch is called the a to the head of the femur

Front 60

Obturator N
what compartment does it innervate?
Where is its sensory?
what levels?
anatomical relationship

Back 60

medial adductors motor
sensory to medial thigh
L2-L4
the adductor brevis seperates the ant and post branches

Front 61

what seperates the ant post branches of the obturator n?

Back 61

the adductor brevis

**obturator is L2-L4

Front 62

where does lymph from the medial compartment go initially? ultimatly

Back 62

superficial/deep inguinal nodes
ultimatly to external iliac

Front 63

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Back 63

inguinal ligament (medial/superior)
Adductor longus (inf)
Sartorius (lateral)

**iliopsoas and pectineus are the floor

N(AVeL)
Femoral N
Femoral A
Femoral V
empty
Lymphatics

Front 64

What are the structures in the femoral triangle? What structures are in the femoral sheath? What is the relationship btwn the femoral ring and the femoral sheath

Back 64

N(AVeL)
Femoral N
Femoral A
Femoral V
empty
Lymph

The femoral N lies outside of the sheath but everything else is in the sheath, the femoral ring is the opening to the sheath

Front 65

Where is the femoral pulse taken

Back 65

at the femoral triangel

the femoral V is within the femoral sheath N(AVeL)

Front 66

What does the femoral sheath allow?

Back 66

allows the structures within to glide during hip movements

Front 67

What other cool thing is in the femoral triangle?

Back 67

the saphenous opening, where the great saphenous v joins the femoral v

Front 68

What is the femoral canal
What does it allow

Back 68

The femoral triangle contains a femoral ring that opends into the femoral sheath, housed withing the femoral sheath is the femoral canal.

The canal is the medial compartment of the sheath and contains the lymphatics, fat, and LCT.

Allows expansion during venous return

Front 69

Femoral hernia
common?
location relative to ingunal canal and pubic tubercle?

Back 69

not common, but more so in girls
guts enter the femoral canal (the medial compartment of the femoral sheath)
below the ingunal lig
below and lateral to the pubic tubercle

Front 70

what structures are in the lateral, intermediate and medial compartments of the femoral sheath

Back 70

Medial: Femoral A
Intermediate: Femoral V
Media 'femoral canal': Lymph, fat, LCT. expands for venous return

Front 71

What is the adductor canal? where does it conduct neurovasculature? What N is within it?

Back 71

from femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
sends N(AVeL) to popiteal fossa
contains the saphenous N (came from femoral N)

Front 72

is the adductor canal deep/superficial to sartorious?
what are the mm boundaries of the adductor canal?

Back 72

deep
sartorious
adductor longus
vastus medialis