Anterior Abdominal Wall

Front 1

2 Layers of Subcutaneous Fascia in anterior abdominal wall:

Back 1

-Camper's
-Scarpa's

Front 2

Camper's Fascia:

Back 2

Fatty layer - contributes to rolls of fat.

Front 3

Scarpa's Fascia

Back 3

-Fibrocollagenous membrane - more prominent in lower abdomen.
-Deep to Camper's Fascia

Front 4

Origin/Insertion of Scarpa's Fascia:

Back 4

Origin: Costal arch
Insertion: Upper 1/3 of thigh; merges w/ fascia lata of thighs

Front 5

4 divisions of Scarpa's Fascia:

Back 5

1. Darto's fascia (scrotum)
2. Fascia Lata (deep thigh fascia)
3. Buck's Fascia (penis)
4. Colle's Fascia (perineum)

Front 6

What can result from pelvic fracture?

Back 6

Lacerated urethra

Front 7

What implication does lacerated urethra have on Scarpa's fascia?

Back 7

Urine can invade the space between Scarpa's fascia and deep abdominal fascia, go into thighs (down by fascia lata)

Front 8

What is it called when urine invades the space between scarpa's fascia and fascia lata?

Back 8

Extravasation

Front 9

Where else can urine from a lacerated urethra go in males?

Back 9

Around Darto's (scrotum) and Buck's (penis) fascia; causing inflammation of these areas.

Front 10

Viscera contained in abdominal cavity:

Back 10

Abdominal + Pelvic (abdominopelvic cavity)

Front 11

Roof of abdominal cavity?
Floor?

Back 11

Roof = thoracic diaphragm
Floor = nonexistent (pelvic diaphragm)

Front 12

Peritoneum:

Back 12

thin 2-layer transparent serous membrane lining interior abdominal wall and viscera.

Front 13

Peritoneal cavity

Back 13

Space created between Parietal peritoneum and Visceral peritoneum

Front 14

Potential problems w/ Peritoneal cavity:

Back 14

Peritonitis - rupture of peritoneum causes inflammation /infection if gas/fecal debris or bacteria enter the space.

Front 15

Usual cause of generalized peritonitis?

Back 15

Ulcer perforation of the abdominal peritoneum - spills acidic contents into cavity.

Front 16

Endoabdominal/Endopelvic Fascia:
-Includes what?
-Function?

Back 16

Includes: all investing fascia in abdominal cavity
Function: to hold viscera within abdominopelvic cavity

Front 17

3 Divisions of Endoabdominal Fascia:

Back 17

-Diaphragmatic
-Transversalis
-Obturator

Front 18

What gives the 3 divisions of endoabdominal fascia their names?

Back 18

The muscles they are associated with.

Front 19

What is the definition of a hernia?

Back 19

Protrusion of a structure through the endoabdominal fascia.

Front 20

What nerves supply the abdominal muscles?

Back 20

Lower costal nerves

Front 21

Another name for the Arcuate line:

Back 21

Semicircular line of douglas

Front 22

Where is Arcuate line?

Back 22

Halfway between Umbilicus and Pubic crest

Front 23

Importance of Arcuate Line:

Back 23

Point where 2 layers of rectus sheath goes from being POSTERIOR to rectus abdominis (superiorly) to ANTERIOR to it (inferiorly)

Front 24

How is the Rectus Sheath oriented above the arcuate line?

Back 24

Posterior to rectus abdominis m

Front 25

How is the Rectus sheath oriented below the arcuate line?

Back 25

Anterior to it

Front 26

What layer lies deep to the Rectus sheath?

Back 26

Transversus abdominis muscle

Front 27

What lies deep to Transversus abdominis muscle?

Back 27

Transversalis fascia

Front 28

What lies deep to transversalis fascia?

Back 28

Extraperitoneal fascia

Front 29

What lies deep to extraperitoneal fascia?

Back 29

Peritoneum

Front 30

What lies deep to peritoneum?

Back 30

Viscera - abdominal organs!

Front 31

Rectus Abdominis muscle:
-Origin
-Insertion

Back 31

Origin = pubic crest / symphysis
Insertion = Xyphoid process and 5-7th costal cartilages

Front 32

Blood supply to rectus abdominis:

Back 32

Superior/inferior epigastric arteries

Front 33

Superior epigastric artery comes from:

Back 33

Internal Thoracic A. (Terminal branch)

Front 34

Inferior epigastric artery comes from:

Back 34

Iliac artery (inguinal region)

Front 35

What prevents the rectus abdominis muscle from completely coming loose from the abdominal wall if it is cut horizontally?

Back 35

Tendinous inscriptions - so it won't fly back and hit the surgeon in the face.

Front 36

Linea semilunaris

Back 36

Lateral border of rectus muscle

Front 37

Linea alba

Back 37

Meeting point of aponeuroses of Oblique and Transverse abdominal muscles

Front 38

Linea nigra

Back 38

darkening of this line in pregnant females

Front 39

External Oblique muscle:
-origin
-insertion

Back 39

origin = lower 8 ribs
insertion = anterior 1/2 of iliac crest, linea alba

Front 40

Location of external oblique in relation to other abdominal muscles:

Back 40

Most superficial

Front 41

Direction of External oblique fibers:

Back 41

Inferiorly and medially

Front 42

What is formed from External oblique?

Back 42

Inguinal ligament

Front 43

Inguinal ligament extends between what 2 structures?

Back 43

-ASIS (ant superior iliac spine)
-Pubic bone

Front 44

What is the external inguinal ring?

Back 44

An opening in the inferior portion of External Oblique Aponeurosis as it splits around the spermatic cord.

Front 45

Boundaries of External Inguinal Ring:

Back 45

Inferior/Superior Crus

Front 46

Fibers that hold the Sup/Inf crus together? Function?

Back 46

Intercrural fibers - prevent separation of the edges of the external ring.

Front 47

What is the external inguinal ring an opening of?

Back 47

The inguinal canal

Front 48

What does the Inguinal canal contain
-in males
-in females

Back 48

Males = spermatic cord

Females = round ligament

Front 49

What is the internal inguinal ring?

Back 49

The opening of the inguinal canal into the abdominal wall.

Front 50

Internal Oblique Muscle:
-Origin
-Insertion

Back 50

Origin = lateral 1/2 of inguinal ligament, ASIS, Thoracolumbar fascia.
Insertion = Linea alba and inferior borders of ribs 10-12

Front 51

Location of internal oblique muscle in relation to other abdominal mm?

Back 51

Between external oblique and transverus abdominis

Front 52

Direction of fibers of internal oblique muscle?

Back 52

Superiorly and Medially

Front 53

What are the Ant/Post Lamellae of internal oblique muscle?

Back 53

The two divisions of its aponeurosis that encircle the rectus abdominis muscle ABOVE the arcuate line

Front 54

Conjoint Tendon

Back 54

The joining of inferiormost fibers of Int. Oblique mm and Transversus Abdominis mm

Front 55

Where does Conjoint tendon insert?

Back 55

Pubic crest

Front 56

Transversus abdominis
-Origins (4)
-Insertion

Back 56

-Costal cartilages 7-12
-Iliac crest
-Lumbodorsal fascia
-Lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
Insertion = Linea Alba

Front 57

Relatn of Transversus abdominis aponeurosis to Rectus abdominis above/below the arcuate line:

Back 57

Above: runs POSTERIOR to it
Below: runs ANTERIOR to it

Front 58

What is the Rectus Sheath?

Back 58

The strong, fibrous aponeurosis of the 3 abdominal muscles that surrounds Rectus Abdominis m

Front 59

Why is the rectus sheath "incomplete"?

Back 59

Because the 3 muscles run ANTERIOR to it below the arcuate line.

Front 60

So what is the only supporting structure for the posterior rectus abdominis muscle below the arcuate line????

Back 60

Transversalis Fascia

Front 61

And what is Transversalis Fascia again?

Back 61

The portion of Endoabdominal fascia that is near that muscle.

Front 62

What is the consequence of the decreased support in the lower posterior region of rectus abdominis?

Back 62

Can get a beer belly or hernia

Front 63

Another name for the Inguinal triangle:

Back 63

Hesselbach's triangle

Front 64

Borders of the Inguinal Triangle:

Back 64

Medial: Linea semilunaris
Laterl: Inf epigastric artery
Inferior: Inguinal ligament
Floor: Transversalis fascia
Roof: Internal oblique m.