Ant401 Skull Osteology

Front 1

What main artery is located underneath the pterion?

Back 1

anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery

Front 2

If the thin bones of the pterion were fractured, what might this cause?

Back 2

rupture of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery can result in a hematoma with increasing pressure on the underlying cortex, death in a few hours.

Front 3

What type of suture would be needed to save the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery after a blow to the pterion fractured the cranium?

Back 3

Sphenoparietal suture

Front 4

The bones of the cranium are joined by interlocking _____ suture joints, except for the mandible which articulates at the synovial temporomandibular joint.

Back 4

fibrous

Front 5

what are the Sphenoid and occipital bone are united by during childhood?

Back 5

hyaline cartilage (synchondrosis)

Front 6

what are the 8 bones of the neurocranium?

Back 6

frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid

Front 7

What part of the cranium Contains the proximal parts of the cranial nerves and the vasculature of the brain?

Back 7

neurocranium (brain box)

Front 8

Bones of the calvaria are flat bones derived from ___ ___ tissue that becomes head mesenchyme

Back 8

neural crest

Front 9

Flat bones of the calvaria are formed by ____ ossification

Back 9

intramembranous

Front 10

the cranium can be divided into which two parts?

Back 10

neurocranium and viscerocranium

Front 11

Bones of the cranial base are primarily irregular with significant flat portions, they are formed by ____ ossification or both methods

Back 11

endochondral (or both includes intramembranous)

Front 12

What are the bones of the viscerocranium?

Back 12

Viscerocranium has 14 bones: 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, mandible, and vomer

Front 13

what part of the cranium Contains the orbits (eye sockets) and nasal cavities, upper and lower jaws?

Back 13

viscerocranium

Front 14

in the dura, Notice that the ____ _____ protrude cranially and leave impressions on the interior superior aspect of the calvaria.

Back 14

arachnoid granulations

Front 15

What can be seen between the inner and outer tables of the calvaria?

Back 15

Diploë

Front 16

what is the Pericranium?

Back 16

(periosteum of the cranium)

Front 17

what are the inner and outer tables?

Back 17

of the calvaria, the compact bone layers are frequently referred to as the inner and outer tables

Front 18

what is the cancellous bone between 2 layers of compact bone referred to as in the center?

Back 18

diploë

Front 19

What transmits the diploic veins that communicate with the cranial dural sinuses via emissary veins - AND also contains red marrow in vivo?

Back 19

Diploë

Front 20

What is seen in the anterior view of the skull?

Back 20

frontal bones, nasal bones and internasal sutures, zygomatic bones, maxillae, mandible and orbit

Front 21

from the anterior view of the skul, What forms the skeleton of the forehead (develops as 2 bones)?

Back 21

Frontal bone (squamous part)

Front 22

Inferior to the nasal bones is the _____ (pear shaped) aperture, which is the anterior nasal opening of the cranium

Back 22

piriform

Front 23

Nasal septum divides nasal cavity in two halves and is predominantly made up of the perpendicular plate of the ____ bone and the ____ , but also includes the palatine bone.

Back 23

ethmoid ; vomer

Front 24

What are the (curved bony plates) occupy lateral wall of nasal cavity?

Back 24

Nasal conchae

Front 25

Superior and middle conchae are part of the _____ bone. The inferior nasal conchae are individual bones.

Back 25

ethmoid

Front 26

which bones make up the prominence of the upper cheek ?

Back 26

Zygomatic bones

Front 27

what bone forms the upper jaw and contain the alveolar process which include the tooth sockets (alveoli)?

Back 27

Maxillae

Front 28

Paired maxillae unite at the ____ suture.

Back 28

intermaxillary

Front 29

What is the lower jaw bone called?

Back 29

Mandible

Front 30

Which bone is easily injured by a sharp upward blow to the nose, causing bone fragments to pass through the ciribiform plate? What does this cause?

Back 30

ethmoid bone. Fragments through cribriform plate into the meninges or brain tissue. This can cause leakage of cerebrospinal fluid into the nasal cavity and maybe followed by the spread of infection from the nasal cavity to the brain

Front 31

If the ehtmoid bone is fractured, fragments might pierce what plate? (causing damage to the meninges and brain tissue - and leading to a brain infection)

Back 31

ciribiform plate

Front 32

if the ciribiform plate is pierce by bone fragments , as in a collision, what might leak into the nasal cavity?

Back 32

This can cause leakage of cerebrospinal fluid into the nasal cavity and maybe followed by the spread of infection from the nasal cavity to the brain

Front 33

What foramina transmit terminal sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 33

"anterior foramina (4) - 1) Supraorbital notch/foramen transmits the supraorbital nerve and vessels 2) Zygomaticofacial foramen transmits the zygomaticofacial nerve 3) Infraorbital foramen transmits the infraorbital nerve and vessels. 4) Mental foramen transmits the mental nerve and vessels

Front 34

____ _____ are relatively sharp ridges and a blow here, such as during a boxing match or fist fight, may lacerate the skin and cause bleeding. Tissue fluid and blood can accumulate around the orbit and into the thin skin of the eyelids leaving a “black eye” (echymosis).

Back 34

Superciliary arches

Front 35

____ are fibrous joints between the bones of the skull

Back 35

Sutures

Front 36

When do sutures of the calvaria eventually disappear?

Back 36

At ages 30-40 the sutures of the calvaria begin obliteration on the internal surface and about 10 years later on the external surface

Front 37

what disease is the premature closure of the cranial sutures? (causing cranial malformations 1/2000 births)

Back 37

Craniosynostosis

Front 38

which suture lies between the frontal bone and the 2 parietal bones ?

Back 38

Coronal

Front 39

which suture lies between the 2 parietal bones?

Back 39

Sagittal

Front 40

which suture lies between the parietal bone and the squamous part of the temporal bone?

Back 40

Squamous

Front 41

which suture lies between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone?

Back 41

Lambdoid suture (resembles Greek letter λ)

Front 42

There is also a highest nuchal line, which provides attachment for the ___ ____.

Back 42

galea aponeurotica

Front 43

what are Sutural bones occurring along the lambdoid suture, or on the lateral aspect, also known as?

Back 43

Wormian bones

Front 44

What bone has superior and inferior temporal lines

Back 44

parietal

Front 45

what bone has mastoid and styloid processes, zygomatic arch, external acoustic meatus, and a squamous part?

Back 45

Temporal

Front 46

what bone is in the medial wall of the orbit?

Back 46

Lacrimal

Front 47

what bone has an angle, mental protuberance, body, and ramus?

Back 47

Mandible

Front 48

what is the junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures known as?

Back 48

Lambda

Front 49

what is the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures known as?

Back 49

Bregma

Front 50

what is the junction of frontal, parietal, temporal bones, and greater wing of the sphenoid on the lateral aspect of the skull known as?

Back 50

Pterion

Front 51

what is a thin part of the calvaria overlying anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery?

Back 51

Pterion

Front 52

what is the intersection of the frontal and 2 nasal bones known as?

Back 52

Nasion

Front 53

what is the highest point of the superior aspect of the skull?

Back 53

Vertex

Front 54

what is the prominence of frontal bone above root of nose (depression between the supercilliary arches) known as?

Back 54

Glabella

Front 55

A fracture at the pterion, the thinnest part of the calvaria may lacerate the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery causing what?

Back 55

a epidural hematoma.

Front 56

what can cause a hematoma that may compress the lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere and result in herniation of the medial part of the temporal lobe through the tentorial notch of dura?

Back 56

pterion fracture with damage to middle meningeal a.

Front 57

what kind of fracture can cause limb weakness, dilated pupil from compression of the oculomotor nerve, and deterioration of cardiovascular and respiratory function?

Back 57

pterion fracture with damage to middle meningeal a.

Front 58

A pterion fracture may casue neurological signs up to several ____ after the initial injury, as blood accumulates to the point at which pressure on the brain reaches a critical value.

Back 58

hours

Front 59

what are 3 cranial fossae?

Back 59

ant, mid, post

Front 60

which cranial fossa is the Shallowest of the 3 fossae?

Back 60

Anterior Cranial Fossa

Front 61

which fossa is Made up of frontal bone, ethmoid, body and lesser wings of sphenoid?

Back 61

Anterior Cranial Fossa

Front 62

which fossa is Butterfly shaped?

Back 62

Middle Cranial Fossa

Front 63

which cranial fossa Contains the sella turcica?

Back 63

Middle Cranial Fossa

Front 64

which cranial fossa is the Largest and deepest, comprised mostly of occipital bone?

Back 64

Posterior Cranial Fossa

Front 65

which fossa Holds cerebellum, pons, and medulla?

Back 65

Posterior Cranial Fossa

Front 66

which fossa has the following?: Foramen cecum

Back 66

Anterior cranial fossa

Front 67

which fossa has the following?: Olfactory foramina of cribriform plate

Back 67

Anterior cranial fossa

Front 68

which fossa has the following?: Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

Back 68

Anterior cranial fossa

Front 69

which fossa has the following?: Optic canal

Back 69

Middle cranial fossa

Front 70

which fossa has the following?: Superior orbital fissure

Back 70

Middle cranial fossa

Front 71

which fossa has the following?: Foramen rotundum

Back 71

Middle cranial fossa

Front 72

which fossa has the following?: Foramen ovale

Back 72

Middle cranial fossa

Front 73

which fossa has the following?: Foramen spinosum

Back 73

Middle cranial fossa

Front 74

which fossa has the following?: Carotid canal

Back 74

Middle cranial fossa

Front 75

which fossa has the following?: Hiatuses and canals for the greater and lesser petrosal nerves

Back 75

Middle cranial fossa

Front 76

which fossa has the following?: Foramen lacerum (only a foramen in a preserved skull, in life it is filled with cartilage)

Back 76

Middle cranial fossa

Front 77

which fossa has the following?: Internal acoustic meatus

Back 77

Posterior cranial fossa

Front 78

which fossa has the following?: Jugular foramen

Back 78

Posterior cranial fossa

Front 79

which fossa has the following?: Hypoglossal canal

Back 79

Posterior cranial fossa

Front 80

which fossa has the following?: Foramen magnum

Back 80

Posterior cranial fossa

Front 81

which fossa has the following?: Condylar canal

Back 81

Posterior cranial fossa

Front 82

What passes through the optic canal?

Back 82

1. Optic nerve (CN II) 2. Opthalamic a.

Front 83

the Optic nerve (CN II) passes through which opening in the cranial fossa?

Back 83

middle cranial fossa - optic canal

Front 84

Ophthalmic artery passes through which opening in the cranial fossa?

Back 84

middle cranial fossa - optic canal

Front 85

what passes through the Superior orbital fissure?

Back 85

ALTOS! Abducent nerve (CN VI), Lacrimal frontal and nasociliary branches of opthalamic nerve, Trochlear nerve (CN IV), Occulomotor nerve (CN III), Superior opthalamic vein

Front 86

Oculomotor nerve (CN III) passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 86

Middle cranial fossa - superior orbital fissure

Front 87

Trochlear nerve (CN IV) passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 87

Middle cranial fossa - superior orbital fissure

Front 88

Lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 88

Middle cranial fossa - superior orbital fissure

Front 89

Abducent nerve (CN VI) passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 89

Middle cranial fossa - superior orbital fissure

Front 90

Superior ophthalmic vein passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 90

Middle cranial fossa - superior orbital fissure

Front 91

what passes through the Foramen rotundum?

Back 91

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Front 92

Maxillary nerve (CN V2) passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 92

Middle cranial fossa - foramen rotundum

Front 93

what passes through the Foramen ovale?

Back 93

MAL - Mandibular nerve (V3), Accessory meningeal a. , Lesser petrosal nerve

Front 94

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 94

Middle cranial fossa - foramen ovale

Front 95

Accessory meningeal artery passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 95

Middle cranial fossa - foramen ovale

Front 96

Lesser petrosal nerve passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 96

Middle cranial fossa - foramen ovale

Front 97

what passes through Foramen spinosum?

Back 97

4M's! Middle Meningeal artery and vein, Meningeal branch of Mandibular nerve (V3)

Front 98

Middle meningeal artery and vein passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 98

Middle cranial fossa - foramen spinosum

Front 99

Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve V3 passes through which opening and cranial fossa?

Back 99

Middle cranial fossa - foramen spinosum

Front 100

Foramen lacerum contains what structures?

Back 100

It is filled with cartilage. The greater petrosal nerve passes horizontally across foramen lacerum and traverses the cartilage. (carotid artery and plexus passes over this)

Front 101

petrosal nerve traverses cartilage of what cranial structure, and in what fossa?

Back 101

middle cranial fossa - foramen lacerum (filled with cartilage)

Front 102

what structures pass through the Internal acoustic meatus?

Back 102

FLV flash file! Facial nerve (CN VII), Labryinthe Artery, Vestibulocochlaear nerve (CN VIII)

Front 103

Facial nerve (CN VII) passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 103

Posterior Cranial Fossa - internal acoustic meatus

Front 104

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 104

Posterior Cranial Fossa - internal acoustic meatus

Front 105

Labyrinthine artery passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 105

Posterior Cranial Fossa - internal acoustic meatus

Front 106

what structures pass through the Jugular foramen?

Back 106

Pedantic GLOSSy VAGinas Assaulted SIGfreid's Manhood - petrosal sinus (inferior), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), Vagus nerve (CN X), Accessory nerve (CN XI), Sigmoid sinus, Posterior meningeal artery

Front 107

Inferior petrosal sinus passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 107

posterior cranial fossa - jugular foramen

Front 108

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 108

posterior cranial fossa - jugular foramen

Front 109

Vagus nerve (CN X) passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 109

posterior cranial fossa - jugular foramen

Front 110

Accessory nerve (CN XI) passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 110

posterior cranial fossa - jugular foramen

Front 111

Sigmoid sinus passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 111

posterior cranial fossa - jugular foramen

Front 112

Posterior meningeal artery passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 112

posterior cranial fossa - jugular foramen

Front 113

what are the contents of the Hypoglossal canal?

Back 113

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Front 114

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) passes through which opening and in what fossa?

Back 114

posterior cranial fossa hypoglossal canal

Front 115

what are the structures within the Foramen magnum?

Back 115

medulla oblongota, meninges, meningeal branches of vert arteries, vert arteries, spinal roots of accessory nerves.

Front 116

Spinal roots of accessory nerves is in what fossa and in what foramen?

Back 116

posterior cranial fossa foramen magnum

Front 117

The hard palate is formed by the palatine process of the ____ bone anteriorly and the horizontal plates of the ____ bone posteriorly

Back 117

maxillae; palatine

Front 118

Superior to the posterior edge of the palate are 2 large openings, the _____ (posterior nasal apertures)

Back 118

choanae

Front 119

Incisive foramen transmits which nerve?

Back 119

the nasopalatine nerve. It is posterior to the central incisor teeth (front teeth)

Front 120

TRUE FALSE - Greater & lesser palatine foramina transmit the greater & lesser palatine nerves and vessels and the nasopalatine nerve.

Back 120

FALSE - only because the nasopalatine nerve passes through the incisve foramen (anterior part of palate).

Front 121

Stylomastoid foramen transmits which nerve?

Back 121

the facial nerve (VII)

Front 122

what transmits the internal carotid artery and accompanying sympathetic plexus?

Back 122

Carotid canal

Front 123

The ____ fontanelle is the largest and easiest to palpate

Back 123

anterior

Front 124

what are Regions of membrane between skull bones that are not yet ossified in the infant skull?

Back 124

fontanelles

Front 125

what allows deformation of the calvaria during the birth process?

Back 125

Fibrous sutures and fontanelles

Front 126

_____ ____ of the calvaria permit the cranium to enlarge through childhood (15-16 years) and there after enlargement is due to bone thickening for 3-4 years.

Back 126

Fibrous sutures

Front 127

The membrane of a fontanelle is blended with the ____ externally, and the ______ _____ internally.

Back 127

pericranium , dura matter

Front 128

What allows skull deformation during birth and allow the continued growth of the brain.

Back 128

fontanelles

Front 129

The fontanelles are usually closed by the ____ year.

Back 129

2nd

Front 130

in the birthing process, one ____ bone slightly overrides the other.

Back 130

parietal

Front 131

The Mandibular symphysis between the 2 developing parts of the mandible closes during the ___ year. Intermaxillary suture can be identified in the adult, there are 2 maxillae

Back 131

2nd

Front 132

The Metopic suture between 2 developing frontal bones allows skull deformation and closes during the ____ year leaving 1 frontal bone in the adult (there is short remnant of the metopic suture superior to the nasion)

Back 132

6th

Front 133

what is contained within: Ant Cranial fossa - Foramen Cecum?

Back 133

nasal emissary vein (1% of pop)

Front 134

what is contained within: Ant Cranial fossa - ciribriform foramina in cribriform plate?

Back 134

axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves, (CN I)

Front 135

what is contained within: Ant Cranial fossa - ant and post ethmoidal foramina?

Back 135

vessels and nerves with same names as foramina

Front 136

what is contained within: Middle Cranial fossa - optic canals?

Back 136

optic nerves CN II, and opthalamic arteries

Front 137

what is contained within: Middle Cranial fossa - superior orbital fissure?

Back 137

ophthalamic veins, ophthalamic nerve (CN V1) CN III,IV, VI. And sympathetic fibers

Front 138

what is contained within: Middle Cranial fossa - foramen rotundum?

Back 138

maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Front 139

what is contained within: Middle Cranial fossa - foramen ovale?

Back 139

mandibular nerve (CN V3) and acessory meningeal artery

Front 140

what is contained within: Middle Cranial fossa - foramen spinosum?

Back 140

middle meningeal artery and vein, and meningeal branch of CN V3.

Front 141

what is contained within: Middle Cranial fossa - foramen lacerum?

Back 141

internal carotid artery, with its sympathetic and venous plexus.

Front 142

what is contained within: Middle Cranial fossa - groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve?

Back 142

greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery.

Front 143

what is contained within: Posterior Cranial fossa - foramen magnum?

Back 143

medulla and meninges, vert arteries, CN XI, dural veins, ant and post spinal arteries

Front 144

what is contained within: Posterior Cranial fossa - jugular formaen?

Back 144

CN IX, X, and XI, sup bulb of internal jugular vein, inf petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

Front 145

what is contained within: Posterior Cranial fossa - hypoglossal canal?

Back 145

hypoglossal nerve CN XII

Front 146

what is contained within: Posterior Cranial fossa - condylar canal?

Back 146

emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

Front 147

what is contained within: Posterior Cranial fossa - mastoid foramen?

Back 147

mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery.

Front 148

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: nasal emissary vein (1% of pop)

Back 148

Ant Cranial fossa - Foramen Cecum

Front 149

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves, (CN I)

Back 149

Ant Cranial fossa - ciribriform foramina in cribriform plate

Front 150

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: ethmoidal vessels and nerves

Back 150

Ant Cranial fossa - ant and post ethmoidal foramina

Front 151

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: optic nerves CN II, and opthalamic arteries

Back 151

Middle Cranial fossa - optic canals

Front 152

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: ophthalamic veins, ophthalamic nerve (CN V1) CN III,IV, VI. And sympathetic fibers

Back 152

Middle Cranial fossa - superior orbital fissure

Front 153

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Back 153

Middle Cranial fossa - foramen rotundum

Front 154

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: mandibular nerve (CN V3) and acessory meningeal artery

Back 154

Middle Cranial fossa - foramen ovale

Front 155

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: middle meningeal artery and vein, and meningeal branch of CN V3.

Back 155

Middle Cranial fossa - foramen spinosum

Front 156

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: internal carotid artery, with its sympathetic and venous plexus.

Back 156

Middle Cranial fossa - foramen lacerum

Front 157

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery.

Back 157

Middle Cranial fossa - groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve

Front 158

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: medulla and meninges, vert arteries, CN XI, dural veins, ant and post spinal arteries

Back 158

Posterior Cranial fossa - foramen magnum

Front 159

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: CN IX, X, and XI, sup bulb of internal jugular vein, inf petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

Back 159

Posterior Cranial fossa - jugular formaen

Front 160

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: hypoglossal nerve CN XII

Back 160

Posterior Cranial fossa - hypoglossal canal

Front 161

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

Back 161

Posterior Cranial fossa - condylar canal

Front 162

what foramen do the following structures pass through?: mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery.

Back 162

Posterior Cranial fossa - mastoid foramen

Front 163

Sinuses Lateral Photograph

Back 163

Sinuses Lateral Photograph
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid
Pharynx

Front 164

Sinuses PA Radiograph

Back 164

Sinuses PA Radiograph
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Maxillary sinus

Front 165

Back 165