Ant206 Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

WHat are three components of the autonomic nervous system?

Back 1

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
enteric

Front 2

TRUE/FALSE: preganglionic cell bodies are found in the PNS.

Back 2

FALSE. Preganglionic neurons are still in the CNS.

Front 3

where are postglanglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies located?

Back 3

in ganglia

Front 4

where are postglanglionic parasympathetic neuronal cell bodies located?

Back 4

in visceral wall or ganglia close to organ

Front 5

The sympathetic nervous system has preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord in what vertebral levels?

Back 5

the sympathetic nervous system is also known as the thoracolumbar division, because of its location from T1 - L2 or L3

Front 6

sympathetic motor fibers will synpase in ___vertebral ganglia or travel via ____ nerves to ____vertebral ganglia.

Back 6

para;
splanchnic ;
pre

Front 7

preganglionic sympathetic motor fibers use ____ as a neurotransmitter.

Back 7

acetylcholine as neurotransmitter; cholinergic

Front 8

postganglionic sympathetic neurons use ___ neurotransmitters except where?

Back 8

for the most part - epinephrine or norepinephrine. THE EXCEPTION is sweat glands, where acetylcholine is used, (and adrenal glands, where a preganglionic fiber innervates this)

Front 9

The cells of the intermediolateral cell column use acetylcholine as their transmitter. Their axons leave the spinal cord via the ___ roots.

Back 9

ventral; intermediolateral cell column is the pathway in the lateral horn from T1 - L2 or L3, and is therefore the presynaptic/thoracolumbar division of the sympathetic nervous system.

Front 10

the sympathetic chanin is comprised of ___ pairs of ganglia.

Back 10

31

Front 11

The prevertebral ganglia receive preganglionic axons via what?

Back 11

the splanchnic nerves.

Front 12

The preganglionic neurons that have their axons in the splanchnic nerves are found within the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord at which levels?

Back 12

Greater T5-T9 (working nerve) 9 to 5!
Lesser T10-T11
Least (T11)-T12

Front 13

The greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves arise in the thorax, but innervate what?

Back 13

abdominal viscera.

Front 14

The prevertebral (collateral) ganglia contain ____ sympathetic neurons that receive _____ axons via the _____.

Back 14

postganglionic
preganglionic
thoracic/abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Front 15

The white ramus communicans contains (pre/post?)ganglionic neurons, that (ARE/ARE NOT) unmyelinated.

Back 15

PREganglionic; they are myelinated (are not)

Front 16

the gray rami communicantes contains unmyelinated ___ganglionic axons.

Back 16

post

Front 17

Injury to any of the neurons or axons in what pathway can result in a Horner’s syndrome?

Back 17

The superior cervical ganglion is the sympathetic ganglion of the head. Postganglionic axons leave the ganglion and travel along blood vessels to reach their targets in the head.

Front 18

Horner's syndrome has what two characteristics?

Back 18

1. Ptosis (drooping eyelid)
2. Miosis (small pupil)

Front 19

where are preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic nervous system found?

Back 19

Located in brainstem nuclei or sacral spinal cord

Front 20

preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic nervous system use what neurotransmitter?

Back 20

acetyl choline

Front 21

postganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic nervous system use what neurotransmmitter?

Back 21

acetyl choline

Front 22

postganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic nervous system are found where?

Back 22

in the wall of viscera

Front 23

the enteric nervous system is formed by neural ___ cells that move to gut wall during development.

Back 23

crest

Front 24

what are the plexuses of the enteric nervous system?

Back 24

Submucosal or Meissner’s plexus
AND
Myenteric or Auerbach’s plexus

Front 25

what does the Myenteric or Auerbach’s plexus do?

Back 25

Regulates peristalsis and sphincters

Front 26

Submucosal or Meissner’s plexus do?

Back 26

Regulates secretion by glandular epithelial cells
Regulates motility of muscularis mucosa
Some may be sensory neurons that help signal presence of material in lumen

Front 27

True/False - the enteric nervous system works in the absence of input from the brain and spinal cord

Back 27

true

Front 28

What are four steps in peristaltic reflex?

Back 28

Bolus of material distorts mucosa
Enterochromaffin cells release serotonin (5-HT)
5-HT stimulates nerve endings in lamina propria
Cell bodies of these sensory neurons in the submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus
Sensory neurons activate motor neurons in myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

Front 29

Describe this disease.

Back 29

Hirschsprung’s Disease
Also known as congenital aganglionic MEGAcolon
There is a failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the distal colon
1:5000 births
Males affected more than females 4:1

Front 30

Describe the characteristics of the disease in which there is a Loss of myenteric neurons (Auerbach’s plexus) in lower the esophagus?

Back 30

Achalasia
Formerly called cardiospasm
Onset 25-60 years
Men=women
Loss of myenteric neurons (Auerbach’s plexus) in lower the esophagus
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) paralyzed in constricted state
Esophagus dilated

Front 31

in visceral afferents:
Pain afferents travel
With the _____.

Stretch afferents travel
With the _____.

Back 31

sympathetics

parasympathetics

Front 32

What is the reason for referred pain?

Back 32

Pain associated with visceral disease and inflammation is referred to the abdominal wall.

This is because visceral nociceptive (pain) afferents enter the spinal cord with somatic afferents.

All pain fibers run with the
sympathetic system and enter the spinal cord at the same segment that gives rise to the preganglionic efferents.

Front 33

what is a common type of referred pain caused by heart problems?

Back 33

Angina pectoralis is most well known

Front 34

Case Presentation: A 65-year-old man comes to his physician complaining of pain in upper back on the right side. During the history, the physician notes that the man’s right eyelid is drooping. During the examination, the physician notices that the man’s right pupil is small and unresponsive to light. In addition, the man’s facial skin on the right side is dry and appears flushed as compared to that on the left side of his face. A thoracic MRI reveals a right posterior wall mass between the 1st and 2nd ribs.

What is the most likely cause of this man’s problems?

Where are the preganglionic neurons that are affected?

Where are the postganglionic neurons that are affected?

Back 34

What is the most likely cause of this man’s problems?
Compression of the sympathetic chain or T1 white ramus communicantes.
Where are the preganglionic neurons that are affected?
T1 level of the intermediolateral cell column.
Where are the postganglionic neurons that are affected?
Superior cervical ganglion.