Answers From Qbank Endocrine

Front 1

Somatotropic adenoma would affect glucose tolerance how?

Back 1

Impaired glucose tolerance

Front 2

Describe how coma could result from complications of DM II?

Back 2

Osmotic diuresis + dehydration = severe hyperosmolarity... Osmotic loss of water from neurons can produce coma

Front 3

Even small amounts of insulin are sufficient to prevent..?

Back 3

Ketosis

Front 4

Beta hydroxybutyrate is a...?

Back 4

Ketone body

Front 5

An XY fetus with a mutated dysfunctional androgen receptor molecule would develop how?

Back 5

male sexual development is impaired and female external genitalia are formed.
Because the androgen receptor in hypothalamic and pituitary tissue is also defective, normal testosterone suppression of pituitary gonadotrophs is absent

Front 6

How does the pituitary affect the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to the action of insulin?

Back 6

GH - anti-insulin effects on liver and muscle. ACTH causes increased cortisol = decreased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. TSH also tends to increase blood glucose levels

Front 7

ANP is released when?

Back 7

When the atria are distended - suppresses the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Front 8

Graves is caused by...?

Back 8

Increased production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins

Front 9

T or F? Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are always associated with increased and decreased radioactive iodine uptake, respectively.

Back 9

False

Front 10

The sweating and palpitations of hypoglycemia are caused by...?

Back 10

Epinephrin

Front 11

Link the following: dissecting osteitis and chronic renal failure

Back 11

Hyperparathyroidism results from decreased serum calcium and increased serum phosphate (sequelae of renal failure). This may lead to osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa cystica, which is classically associated with dissecting osteitis.

Front 12

Thyrotoxic crisis is most commonly seen in which disease?

Back 12

Inadequately treated Graves' disease

Front 13

What are the HLA associations of DM I ?

Back 13

DR3 and DR4

Front 14

What are the two most dangerous hormonal deficiencies?

Back 14

Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone

Front 15

Why does mild renal failure cause hyperkalemia?

Back 15

Deficient renin production by the damaged kidney causes decreased secretion of aldosterone

Front 16

What types of infections are more frequently considered with Addison's?

Back 16

Tuberculosis, fungal infections

Front 17

How to clinically distinguish primary from secondary adrenocortical insufficiency?

Back 17

Secondary is not associated with skin hyperpigmentation (which results from increased production of ACTH precursor, which also stimulates melanocytes)

Front 18

Nonenzymatic glycosylation is seen in which disease?

Back 18

Diabetes mellitus

Front 19

Euthyroid sick syndrome?

Back 19

After systemic illnesses or stresses, there can be a decrease in 5'-monodeiodinase activity in peripheral tissues. Causes a decreased conversion of T4 to T3

Front 20

Describe how a short-term vs long-term severe Mg deficiency affects PTH?

Back 20

Short-term - increased PTH
Long-term, severe - decreased PTH

Front 21

Which zones of the adrenal cortex does Addison's affect?

Back 21

All three

Front 22

Early manifestations of cretinism?

Back 22

Difficulty feeding, somnolence, failure to thrive, and constipation

Front 23

Chronic thyoiditis is aka.?

Back 23

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Front 24

How would a decrease in GH affect IGF-1 release?

Back 24

Decrease

Front 25

What is testicular feminization?

Back 25

Androgen insensitivity due to an androgen receptor defect

Front 26

PTH acts on which biochemical pathway?

Back 26

Increased intracellular cAMP

Front 27

Somatostatin would inhibit the release of what from the pituitary?

Back 27

GH and TSH

Front 28

Antimicrosomal antibodies are seen in which thyroid condition?

Back 28

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Front 29

ACTH affects which zones of the adrenal cortex?

Back 29

Inner two - fasciculata and reticularis

Front 30

When is gynecomastia normal/common?

Back 30

Adolescent boys during puberty

Front 31

hCG is in the same hormone family as...?

Back 31

TSH, FSH, and LH

Front 32

T or F? In a patient with DM II, you would expect deactivation of fatty acid synthase

Back 32

False - fatty acid synthase is rapidly induced in the liver by high glucose and insulin levels

Front 33

What is Chvostek's sign?

Back 33

Facial muscle contraction on tapping in front of the ear
Detects hypocalcemia

Front 34

Tx for acute hypocalcemia?

Back 34

Calcium gluconate and cholecalciferol

Front 35

Which metabolite helps to raise serum calcium by increasing proximal intestinal absorption of calcium?

Back 35

Cholecalciferol (Vit D3, 1,25-OH2-D3)

Front 36

T or F? Hypercalcemia can 'hyperstabilize' excitable tissue membranes and reduce normal responsiveness

Back 36

True

Front 37

Laron dwarfism?

Back 37

Congenital absence of growth hormone receptors...detected by an absence of GH binding protein, which is identical to the extracellular portion of the GH receptor

Front 38

T or F? Plasma levels of proinsulin are increased in patients with insulinomas?

Back 38

True

Front 39

Prolactin has close structural homology with...?

Back 39

GH

Front 40

Child who develops weight loss despite increased food intake?

Back 40

Diabetes mellitus

Front 41

Sheehan's syndrome?

Back 41

Hypopituitarism due to ischemic damage to the pituitary resulting from excessive hemorrhage during parturition

Front 42

T or F? Somatotropes are basophils.

Back 42

False - they are acidophils

Front 43

Which drugs are antidiabetic agents that increase insulin sensitivity through a variety of mechanisms that result in decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased insulin-dependent muscle glucose uptake?

Back 43

Thiazolidinediones

Front 44

Hyperthyroid patient with mononuclear cell infilitrate in thyroid with multinucleated giant cells, follicular disruption, and loss of colloid..?

Back 44

Subacute thyroiditis (aka granulomatous giant cell, de Quervain thyroiditis)

Front 45

Which syndrome is associated with coarctation of the aorta?

Back 45

Turner syndrome

Front 46

Elevated anion gap, decreased arterial blood pH, and elevated blood lactate is a rare complication of which drug?

Back 46

Metformin

Front 47

This disease is characterized among other things by Hurthle cells (oncocytes) and associated with various thymic disorders

Back 47

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Front 48

Mucosal neuromas in a patient with a marfanoid syndrome is a marker for...?

Back 48

MEN III

Front 49

Pituitary apoplexy is what? may result after...?

Back 49

Life-threatening infarction of the pituitary gland. May result after obstetric hemorrhage: Sheehan syndrome

Front 50

How would clonidine affect pancreatic insulin secretion?

Back 50

Clonidine, an alpha2-receptor agonist, would inhibit pancreatic insulin secretion

Front 51

T or F? Glucagon, gastrin, secretin, and CCK all stimulate insulin secretion

Back 51

True

Front 52

Which category of drugs could blunt or prevent the premonitory signs and symptoms of acute episodes of hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient?

Back 52

Beta adrenergic blockers - such as propnalol

Front 53

Solid balls of neoplastic follicular cells in a thyroid nodule biopsy?

Back 53

Papillary carcinoma

Front 54

Riedel thyroiditis?

Back 54

Rocklike stroma, fibrous reaction that may involve adjacent structures

Front 55

Which pancreatic tumor could cause necrotizing skin eruptions on the legs?

Back 55

Glucagonoma - alpha cell tumor

Front 56

How does propylthioracil work?

Back 56

Inhibiting the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

Front 57

Which oncogene are MEN II and III associated with?

Back 57

Ret oncogene

Front 58

Thyroid gland is enclosed by which fascia?

Back 58

Pretracheal fascia

Front 59

GIP - how does it affect insulin secretion?

Back 59

Increases beta cell release of insulin

Front 60

Nortriptyline - what is it, and how could it cause galactorrhea?

Back 60

A TCA, inhibits dopamine pathways, stimulating prolactin, which causes galactorrhea

Front 61

What is the most reliable indicator of metastatic potential of a pheochromocytoma?

Back 61

The actual presence of distant metastases

Front 62

How does adult polycystic kidney disease affect aldosterone?

Back 62

Pressure exerted by the cysts can compromise glomerular blood flow, stimulating increased renin and thus increased aldosterone

Front 63

What is VMA and what is it used for?

Back 63

Vanillylmandelic acid, a norepinephrine metabolite. Urine levels of this can diagnose pheochromocytoma

Front 64

Which one drains directly into the IVC: left renal vein or right renal vein?

Back 64

Right renal vein

Front 65

Which thyroid condition frequently develops after a viral infection?

Back 65

Subacute granulomatous (de Quervain's thyroiditis)