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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sample |
subset of a larger population |
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Data |
measurement,counts, or observations |
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Subjects (or experimental units) |
Data set (ppl, animals, plants, or things) |
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Variable |
the value of a variable, can change from one subject to the other |
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Quantitative |
Values that lie on a true numerical scale
- (ex:difference b/w values has numerical meaning; like body weight is lbs) -(Variable type) |
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Types of Variables |
What is? Quantitative and Categorical |
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Categorical |
Values expressed as a distinct categories - (ex:eye color, pregnancy, social/wealth status, ect.) |
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Population |
An entire group about whichyou want information |
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Subset |
smaller selection from a population |
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Parameter |
- The mean calculated from thepopulation - A # that describes a population (Generallywe do not know the actual value of this #) |
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Statistic |
- The mean calculated from thesample - A number that describes a sample (This # is known and can changefrom sample to sample) |
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Method |
Away to collect data |
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Types of Statistical Methods |
What is? Observational and Experimental |
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Observational |
Notreatment is applied, and the subject’s response or behavior has not been influencedby the researcher. |
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Population Survey |
The entire population is surveyed (ex: census) |
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Sample Survey |
A representative sample of the population |
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ExperimentalStudy |
Treatment is deliberately imposed or applied to measure the subject’s response |
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Treatment |
Any specific experimental condition applied to subjects (ex: effect of feed additives on growth, impact of hormones on cells, impact on suture material/technique on wounds) |
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Descriptive Stats |
Applies to the sample from which data wascollected |
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Inferential Stats |
The use of sampledata to draw conclusions about the larger population the sample is supposed torepresent |
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Simple Random Sampling (SRS) |
Samplingthat gives every individual and every possible sample an equal chance to beselected |
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Biased |
Systematically favor certain outcomes |
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Under Coverage |
When part of thepopulation is not given a chance to be selected |
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Convenience Sampling |
Selection basedon proximity, easy access, or willingness to participate |
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Voluntary Response Samples |
Samplingdependent on subjects willingness to participate in the sample |
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Non Probability Sampling |
Everyone in the population does not have anequal chance of participating |
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Error |
Deviation between samplestatistic and population parameter |
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Response error |
False or incorrect answer is given |
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Non-response Bias |
Unable to obtain data from an individual in the sample (ex: too embarrassedto raise hand) |
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Response Bias |
Response/nonresponse isgiven for approval or hide true opinion |
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True Value |
Where the average/mean ofthe population is at, can vary depending on how biased the sampling |
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Extrapolate |
Drawing conclusions aboutsomething beyond the range of data |
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Statistical Inference |
Drawingconclusion about a population from a sample |
