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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cow-calf operation
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a managment unit that maintains a breeding herd and produces weaned calves
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feeder (class or type of animal)
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animals that need further feeding prior to slaughter
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stocker
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weaned cattle that are fed high-roughage diets (including grazing) before going into the feedlot
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grade or commercial
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a carcas grade of cattle
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purebred
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an animal eligible for registry with a recognized breed association
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Registered
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recorded in the herdbook of a breed
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bred
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female has been mated to the male. usually indicates that female is pregnant
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band (horses or sheep)
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a relatively large group of range sheep
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flock
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a group of sheep or poultry
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herd
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a group of animals
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buck
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a male sheep or goat (usually denotes animals of breeding age)
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bull
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a bovine male
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bullock
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a young bull, usually less than 20 months old
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calve
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giving birth to a calf. same as parturition
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dam
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female parent
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farrow
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to give birth to pigs
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heifer
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a young female bovine cow before she has had her first calf
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heiferette
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a heifer that has calved once, after which she is fed for slaughter
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hinny
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the offspring that results from crossing a stallion with a female donkey
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jack
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a male donkey
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jennet
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a female donkey
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mule
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corssing a male donkey and a female horse
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parturition
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the process of giving birth
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ram
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a sexually mature male sheep
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shoat
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a young pig of either sex
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shrink
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loss of weight, commonly used in the loss in liveweight when animals are marketed for loss in weight from grease wool to clean wool
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sire
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male parent
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castrate
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cutting off an animals balls
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spay
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to remove the overies
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stag
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castrated male animals that have reached sexual maturity prior to castration
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stud
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usually the same as a stallion
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beef
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the meat from cattle -- not calves
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boxed beef
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cuts of beef put in boxes for shipping from packing plant to retailers.
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pork
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meat from swine
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veal
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the meat of a calf
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weaning
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separating young animals from their dams so that the offspring can no longer suckle
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weanling
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an animal of weaning age
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yearling
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animals that are approx. 1 year old
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forb
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weedy or broadleaf plants that serve as pasture for animals
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browse
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woody or brushy plants
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brockle-faced
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white-faced with other colors splotched on the face and head
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colostrum
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the first milk given by a female after delivery of her young. It is high in antibodies that protect young animals from invading microorganisms
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creep
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an enclosure in which young can enter to obtain feed but larger animals cannot enter (called creep feeding)
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cwt
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an abbreviation for hundredweight (100 lbs)
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per capita
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per person
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hide
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skins from animals
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pelt
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the natural, whole skin covering, including hair, skin or wool
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skins
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hides from smaller animals such as pigs, sheep, goats
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gametes
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sex cells
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spermatogenesis
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production of sperm
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oogenesis
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production of ova
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meiosis
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cell division where gametes are formed
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genotype
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genetic makeup of an animal
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phenotype
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characteristics that can be seen
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epistasis
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when a gene/gene paid masks the expression of other genes
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locus
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the location of a gene on the chromosome
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lack of dominance
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heterozygous animals show a phenotype that is different from either homozygous phenotype and is usually intermediate
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complete dominance
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unlike genes occupy corresponding loci (dominant gene is expressed)
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overdominance
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heterozygotes possess greater vigor or are more desirable in other ways (producing more milk, more fertile, etc) than either of the two homozygotes. HETEROSIS
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dressing percent
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hot carcas weight/live slaughter weight
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pregnancy rate
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# cows pregnant/#cows exposed
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% calf crop
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# cows weaned/#cows exposed
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average daily gain
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final wt-initial wt/ days between weighing
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feed efficiency
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lbs feed consumed/lbs gained
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genus and species of the horse
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equus caballus
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genus and species of the cow
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bos taurus
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genus and species of the sheep
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ovis aries
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genus and species of the pig
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sus scrofa domesticus
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calving interval
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the interval from having one calf to having another calf
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contemporaries
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animals that are of the same sex that have the same management
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nicking
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the way in which certain lines, strains or breeds perform when mated together.
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parity
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the number of different times a female has had offspring
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selection
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differentially reproducing what one wants in a herd or flock
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artificial insemination
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the introduction of semen into the female reproductive tract by a technique other than natural service
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amnion
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a fluid filled membrane located next to the fetus
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anestrous
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period of time when female is not in estrus
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caruncle
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the "buttons" on the ruminant uterus where the cotyledons on the fetal membrane attach
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chorion
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the outermost layer of fetal membranes
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cotyledon
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an area of the placenta that interfaces with the uterine lining to allow nutrients and wastes to pass from the mother to the developing young.
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dystocia
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difficulty giving birth
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flushing
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placing females on a gaining level of nutrition before breeding to stimulate greater ovulation rates
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freemartin
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female born twin to a bull
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multiparous
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having had two or more pregnancies resulting in viable fetuses
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postpartum
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period after birth
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postpartum interval
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the length of time from parturition to when the dam is again pregnant
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open (females)
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refers to nonpregnant females
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wet
which animal? |
a milking female
cattle |
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winking
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indication of estrus in the mare where the vulva opens and closes
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adipose
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fat cells or fat tissue
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break joint
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refers to point on a lamb carcass where the foot and pastern are removed at the cartilaginous junction of the front leg
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finish
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the degree of fatness on an animal
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spool joint
used to ID what kind of carcass? |
the joint where the foot and pastern are removed from the front leg; used to ID a mutton carcass
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probe
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a device used to measure backfat thickness in pigs and cattle
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monogastric
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having only one stomach or only one compartment in the stomach
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nonruminant
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simple stomach or monogastric animal
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ruminant
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a mamml whose stomach has four parts: rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
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soilage
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green forage that is cut and brought to animals as food
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bolus
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regurgitated food
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ration
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the amount of total feed fed to an animal over a 24 hour period
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digestibility
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the quality of being digestible.
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feed efficiency
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the amount of gain made per unit of feed
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on full feed
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a term that refers to animals that are recieving all the feed they will consume
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