Ans Pharmacology 4-17-06

Front 1

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter -------- which act on -------- receptors.

Back 1

Ach, nicotinic.

Front 2

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter -------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 2

Ach, muscarinic.

Front 3

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to sweat glands release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 3

Ach, muscarinic.

Front 4

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to sweat glands release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 4

Ach, muscarinic.

Front 5

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to glands, cardiac and smooth muscles release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 5

Ach, nicotinic.

Front 6

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to glands, cardiac and smooth muscles release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 6

NE, alpha and beta

Front 7

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to renal vascular smooth muscle release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 7

dopamine, D1

Front 8

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to renal vascular smooth muscle release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 8

Dopamine, D1

Front 9

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to the adrenal medulla release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 9

Ach, nicotinic.

Front 10

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to the adrenal medulla synapse directly on ------- cells of the adrenal medulla.

Back 10

Chromaffin.

Front 11

Somatic neurons synapse directly on -------- muscle and release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.

Back 11

skeletal muscle, Ach, nicotinic.

Front 12

Ach is synthesized from acetyl-CoA and choline by the enzyme ---------.

Back 12

Choline acetyltransferase.

Front 13

The transport of choline into the nerve terminal can be inhibited by --------.

Back 13

Hemicholinium.

Front 14

The release of transmitter from vesicles in the nerve ending require the entry of ------ into the neuron.

Back 14

Calcium.

Front 15

The action of Ach in the synapse is terminated by its metabolism to acetate and choline by the enzyme ---------.

Back 15

Acetylcholinesterase.

Front 16

In the noradrenergic nerve terminal, tyrosine is hydroxylated to -------, which is decarboxylated to --------, which is finally hydroxylated to NE.

Back 16

DOPA, dopamine.

Front 17

Dopamine is transported into vesicles for hydroxylation to NE. This transport can be blocked by the drug --------.

Back 17

Reserpine.

Front 18

The action of NE and DA is terminated by --------- and ----------.

Back 18

Reuptake, diffusion (different than for Ach).

Front 19

The --------- drugs promote catecholamine release.

Back 19

Amphetamine.

Front 20

The drugs --------- and ---------- inhibit the reuptake of NE.

Back 20

Cocaine, TCA.

Front 21

The release of NE from a sympathetic nerve ending is modulated by ---------, --------- and ---------.

Back 21

NE, Ach, angiotensin II.

Front 22

NE inhibits its own release at the noradrenergic nerve terminal through --------- receptors.

Back 22

Alpha 2.

Front 23

Angiotensin II --------- (inhibits / stimulates) the release of NE from the noradrenergic nerve terminal.

Back 23

Stimulates.

Front 24

Ach inhibits the release of NE from the noradrenergic nerve terminal by binding to --------- receptors.

Back 24

M1.

Front 25

Clinical application and action of Bethanechol.

Back 25

Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention. / Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle.

Front 26

Clinical application and action of Carbachol and Pilocarpine.

Back 26

Glaucoma. / Activates ciliary muscle of eye (open angle), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle).

Front 27

Clinical application / action of Neostigmine.

Back 27

Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postoperative). / Increase endogenous Ach.

Front 28

Clinical application / action of Pyridostigmine.

Back 28

Myasthenia gravis. / Increase Ach; increase strength.

Front 29

Clinical application / action of Edrophonium.

Back 29

Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (extremely short acting). / Increase endogenous Ach.

Front 30

Clinical application / action of Physostigmine.

Back 30

Glaucoma (crosses blood-brain barrier) and atropine overdose. / Increase endogenous Ach.

Front 31

Clinical application / action of Echothiophate.

Back 31

Glaucoma. / Increase endogenous Ach.

Front 32

Symptoms of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.

Back 32

Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation (also abdominal cramping). "DUMBBELSS".

Front 33

Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning may be caused by ---------.

Back 33

Parathion and other organophosphates.

Front 34

The cholinesterase regenerator ------- can be used as an antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.

Back 34

Pralidoxime.

Front 35

Mechanism of action of Pralidoxime.

Back 35

Regenerates active cholinesterase, chemical antagonist, used to treat organophosphate exposure.

Front 36

Clinical uses of the muscarinic antagonist Atropine.

Back 36

Dilate pupils, decrease acid secretion in peptic ulcer disease, decrease urgency in mild cystitis, decrease GI motility, reduce airway secretions, and treat organophosphate poisoning. "Blocks SLUD: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation."

Front 37

Side effects of Atropine.

Back 37

Increase body temp, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry/flushed skin, disorientation, mydriasis with cycloplegia, and constipation. "Atropine parasympathetic block side effects: Blind as bat, Red as a beet, Mad as a hatter, Hot as a hare, Dry as a bone."

Front 38

Hexamethonium (ganglionic blocker) blocks -------- receptors.

Back 38

Nicotinic.

Front 39

tropi are anti-muscarinic, mneumonic?

Back 39

while vacationing in the tropics you lie on a beach and your muscles waste away!

Front 40

benztropine is used to treat

Back 40

Parkinson's disease

Front 41

scopolamine is used to treat

Back 41

motion sickness

Front 42

name 2 antimuscarinic drugs that act on the CNS

Back 42

benztropine, scopolamine

Front 43

name a muscarinic used to treat motion sickness

Back 43

scopolamine

Front 44

name a muscarinic used to treat Parkinson's disease

Back 44

benztropine

Front 45

mechanism of action of benztropine

Back 45

antimuscarinic

Front 46

mechanism of action of scopolamine

Back 46

antimuscarinic

Front 47

name three antimuscarinics that act on eye

Back 47

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide

Front 48

the action of atropine is ______

Back 48

produce mydriasis, cycloplegia

Front 49

mechanism of atropine is

Back 49

antimuscarinic

Front 50

the action of homatropine is ______

Back 50

produce mydriasis, cycloplegia

Front 51

mechanism of homatropine is

Back 51

antimuscarinic

Front 52

the action of tropicamide is

Back 52

produce mydriasis, cycloplegia

Front 53

mechanism of tropicamide is

Back 53

antimuscarinic

Front 54

ipatropium is used to treat

Back 54

asthma, COPD

Front 55

mechanism of ipatropium is

Back 55

antimuscarinic

Front 56

name an antimuscarinic used to treat asthma and COPD

Back 56

ipatropium