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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many gallons of saliva are produced each day?
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3
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one gallon of saliva is produced for every ____ gallons of dry feed consumed
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five
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what is the average pH of saliva?
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1.5
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what is the purpose of saliva in the digestive system?
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-high mucus content to lubricate food for swallowing
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the stomach accounts for __% of total digestive tract volume
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8
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about how big (gallons) is the stomach in a full grown (1100 lb) horse?
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2-4 gallons
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over feeding is dangerous because it may lead to ____ or ____
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colic or stomach rupture
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how long is the food held in the stomach?
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food is retained for about 20 minutes
-never really empties, small amounts of feed can stay for up to 3 hours |
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gastric juice is secreted with ____
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actual presence of food in mouth/stomach
-not at sight or smell (like some animals i.e. doggies) |
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horses evolved as continuous grazers, grazing up to
___ to ___ hours a day |
10-16
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do horses posses a gall bladder?
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no
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where is bile secreted?
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bile is continuously secreted as the food moves through the gut
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how long is the small intestine(ft)?
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70 ft
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the small intestine makes up ___% of the digestive tract volume
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30
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how fast does food move in the small intestine?
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1 ft/minute
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what is the diameter of the small intestine?
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3-4 inches
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what is the role of the small intestine in the digestive tract?
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primary site of digestion/absorption
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the small intestine contains about ___% fluid
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90%
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what minerals are absorbed in the small intestine?
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Calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), and Magnesium (Mg) are primarily absorbed here
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what vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine?
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fat soluble, and some water-soluble, especially vitamin B
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what are electrolytes?
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Phosphorus (P), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl)
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where are electrolytes absorbed?
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in both the small and large intestine
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how long does it take for food mass to reach small intestine?
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3 hours
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how long does it take for food to pass through the small intestine?
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8 hours
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What organs make up the large intestine?
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cecum, large colon, small colon, rectum
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the large intestine makes up ___% of digestive tract
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65%
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how long does liquid/feed take to get through the large intestine?
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50-60 hours
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what is the purpose of the large intestine?
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slower passage allows for more effective
-bacterial fermentation -digestion of fiber -digestion of remaining proteins/carbohydrates |
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how long is the cecum?
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4 ft long
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how many gallons of liquid/feed does the cecum hold?
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7-9 gallons
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the cecum contains large populations of _____ and ______
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bacteria and protozoa
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what is the purpose of the bacteria and protozoa in the cecum?
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digest fiber, cellulose, and the remainder of the soluble carbohydrates
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How long is the large colon?
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10-12 feet long
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the large colon can hold around ___ - ___ gallons
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14-16 gallons
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the food will stay in the large colon for anywhere from
____-____ hours |
36-48 hours
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the small colon is ____-____ ft. long
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10-12
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the small colon is ___ inches in diameter
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~4 inches
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what is the main function of the small colon
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reclamation of excess moisture
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the manure of a healthy horse is about ___% moisture
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60% moisture
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by the time undigested material leaves the small colon it is in the form of ____ _____
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fecal balls
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how long does it take for food to move through the body (from ingestion to excretion)?
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36-72 hours
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what part of the digestive tract does food dwell the longest?
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large colon
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what are the main organs of the digestive system in order from when food is swallowed to excretion?
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esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, large colon, small colon, rectum
every sailor saw Courtney lose some rest |
